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Washington Papers 



JUNE, 1775 



ON the 15 luiie, I775j Congress having resolved "That a general be appointed to com- 
mand all the continental forces raised or to be raised for the defence of American 
liberty," proceeded to a choice, and the ballots being taken, CJeorge Washington, esq., was 
unanimously elected. 

On the day following the president informed Mr. Washington that Congress had unani- 
mously made choice of him to be general ahd commander in chief of the American forces 
and requested he would accept that employment, to which Mr. W., standing in his place, 
answered : 

Mr. President, 

Though J am truly sensible of the high honor done me in this appointment, yet I feel 
great distress from a consciousness that my abilities and military experience may not be equal 
to the extensive and important trust. However, as the Congress desire it, I will enter upon 
the momentous duty and exert every power I possess in the service and for support of the 
glorious cause. I beg they will accept my most cordial thanks for this distinguished testi- 
mony of their approbation. But lest some unlucky event should happen unfavourable to my 
reputation, I beg it may be remembered by every gentleman in the room, that I this day de- 
clare with the utmost sincerity 1 do not think myself equal to the command I am honored with. 

As to })ay. Sir, I beg leave to assure the Congress, that as no pecuniary consideration 
could have tempted me to accept this arduous employment at the expense of my domestic 
ease and happiness, I do not wish to make any profit from it. I will keep an exact account 
of my expenses. Those I doubt not they will discharge, and that is all I desire." 

.\s soon as he could get himself in readiness he set out for Boston to take upon him the 
command of the army before that town. [MS. note of Charles Thompson prefixed to Vol. I 
of IFashiiigloii's Letters in the Records of the Continental Congress.)* 



*[ On June 15, 1775, Congress resolved to appoint a general to "command all the Continental forces, raised 
or to be raised, for the defence ot American liberty " and fixed his pay at 500 dollars per month. George 
Washington was unanimously elected general on the same day, and on the i6th formally accepted in the 
speech already given. R. H. Lee, E. Rutledge and John Adams were appointed a committee to draught a 
commission and instructions for the general, and it was from their report, rendered on the 17th, and debated 
in Congress that the commission — printed on the next page — was framed. The wording is somewhat differ- 
ent from that printed in y.\i& Journals of Congress, June 17, 1775. — W. C. F.] 
W. P. 1. 



\«, 



'■^" 



L. 2 O ^ 

WASHINGTON PAPERS. [June, 



3tt OuottQress* 

Wl\c dch'OiUcs of tJie United Colonies of Ncw-HauipsJiire, 
MassacJuLsetts bay, Rhode island, Connecticut, N'eio-York, 
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New Castle, Kent & Sussex on 
Dclaioare, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and South 
Carolina 

To CSlJOtQe ^JtlashtngtOU Esquire 

^IHc reposing especial trust and confidence in your patriot- 
ism, coudjict and fidelity Do by these presents constitute and 
appoint you to be CfJctturnl nti6 Comiu«iti6er in CfHlticf ofi 

the army of the United CoUmies and ofi all the fiorces raised or 
to be raised by them and of all others who shall voluntary ofifer 
their service and join the said army fior the defience ofi American 
Liberty and fior repelling every hostile invasion thereofi. And 
you are hereby vested witJi full pozuer and authority to act as 
you shall think for the good and welfare of the service. 

^n6 Tve do Jiereby strictly cJiarge and require all ofificers 
and soldiers under your command to be obedient to your orders 
& diligent in the exercise ofi their several duties. 

^11 i zve do also enjoin and require you to be carefiid in exe- 
cuting the great ti^itst reposed in you, by causing strict discipliiie 
and order to be observed in the army and that the soldiers are 
duly exercised and provided with all convenient necessaj'-ies. 

^nd you are to regtilate your conduct in every respect by 
the I'ldes and discipline ofi zaar [as heretuith given you) and 
punctually to observe and fiollow such orders and directions fir om 
time to time as you shall receive firom this or a fiuture Congress 
ofi the said united colonics or a committee ofi Congress for that 
purpose appointed. 

This Commission to continue in fiorcc until revoked by this 
or a fiuture Congress. 

By order ofi the Congress 

Dated, PhUndclpIiia June igt/i ryjj. 

John Hancock President 
Attest Chas. Thomson Seer. 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 



Letters to Was/iutgton. Vol. 6. f. io6. 

FROM GENERAL GATES. 

Traveller's Rest 22th June 1775. 
Dear General 

Last night I was Honoured by the receipt of your Obliging Letter of 
1 7th Instant. I shall Obey your Commands with all possible expedition, & 
hope to be in Philadelphia Thursday next, & wish earnestly to find you 
there. I must take the Liberty to entreat it of you, not to leave the Con- 
gress, until you are provided not only with all the Powers, but all the Means, 
their power can bestow, if it is indispensably necessary you should leave 
Philadelphia before I get there, I hope to find with Colonel Harrison, your 
positive, & particular Commands, in regard to any business you may leave 
unsettled behind you. the request for the Riffle Men was well received in 
this province, and in Maryland, Major Stevenson commands one of the 
Companys from hence, &: I believe Cap." Morgan the other, both excellent 
for the Service. Col Creasup told me on Monday morning that his Son 
had eighty Riffle Men ready to march, those go for one of the Companys 
from Maryland. Immediately upon the Arrival of your Express, I dis- 
patched your packets to your brother, & Col: Stephen, if their Answers 
don't come in half an hour, I will bring them with me. 

My Grateful! Thanks are most Respectfully due to the Congress, for the 
very Handsome manner in which they conferred their Commission. 

I will not intrude more upon that Time, which is now so precious to 
you, only to assure you I will not lose a moment in paying you my personal 
attendance, with the greatest respect for your Character, and the sincerest 
attachment to your person, I am 

Dear General, Your most Faithful, & Obedient Humble Servant, 

Horatio Gates. 

Letters to Washington. Vol. 89. /. 12. 

FROM THE MASSACHUSETTS DELEGATES IN CONGRESS.^ 

Phyladelphia, June 22, 1775. 
Sir 

In Complyance with your Request We have considered of what you pro- 
posed to us, and are obliged to give you our Sentiments, very briefly, and in 
great Haste. 

In general, Sir, there will be three Committees, either of a Congress, or 
of an House of Representatives, which are, and will be composed of our 
best Men ; such, whose Judgment and Integrity, may be most rely'd on; 
the Committee on the State of the Province, the Committee of Safety, and 
the Committee of Supplies. 

But least this should be too general. We beg leave to mention particu- 
larly Mess" Bowdoin, Teller, Dexter, Greenleaf, Derby, Pitts, Otis of the 

late 



•In MS. of John Adams. 



WASHINGTON PAPERS. [June, 



late Council, Hon. John Winthrop Esq. L.L.D., Joseph Hawley Esq"" of 
Northampton, James Warren Esq"" of Plymouth, Coll Palmer of Plraintree, 
Coll Orne and Elbridge Gerry Esq"" of Marblehead, Dr Warren, Church, Mr 
John Pitts all of Boston, Dr Langdon President of Harvard Colledge, and 
Dr Chauncey and Dr Cooper of Boston, Coll Forster of Brookfield. 

The Advice and Recommendations of these Gentlemen, and of some 
others whom they may introduce to your Acquaintance may be depended on. 

With great Sincerity, we wish you an agreable Journey and a glorious 
Campaign; and are with much esteem and Respect, Sir, your most obedient 
servants. , 

Samuel Adams John Hancock 

John Adams Thomas Gushing 

Rob Treat Paine 



Letlers of Wasliiiv^ton. Aliu-t'llaucoiis. Vol. i, /. I; Transcript A, No\. x, f. \ ; Conti- 
nc7ifal Coui^ress, No. 1^2, Vol. i, /. 3 ; No. i6g. Vol. i, /• I "• 

TO THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 

New York June 24"' [25] 1775. 
Gentlemen, 

The Rain on Friday afternoon and Saturday the advice of 
several Gentlemen of the Jerseys and this city, by no means 
to cross Hudsons River at the lower Ferry and some other 
occurrences too trivial to mention (which happened on the 
Road) prevented my arrival at this place until the afternoon 
of this day. In the morning, after giving General Schuyler 
such orders, as, from the result of my Inquiry into matters 
here, appear necessary, I shall set out on my Journey to the 
Camp at Boston and shall proceed with all the dispatch in my 
Power. Powder is so essential an Article that I cannot help 
again repeating the necessity of a supply. The Camp at Bos- 
ton, from the best accounts I can get from thence, is but very 
poorly supplied. At this place they have scarce any. how 
they are provided in General Wooster's Camp I have not been 
able yet to learn. 

Governor Tryon is arrived and General Schuyler directed 
to advise you of the line of conduct he moves in. I fear it will 
not be very favourable to the American cause. I have only 
to add that I am with the greatest respect and regard. 



I775-] WASHINGTON TAPERS. 



Co7itinc)}tal Cotigress, A\\ ij2. Vol. i, _/! 5 > ^^^- i(>9i Vol. i, /". 2. 
TO THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 

New York Sunday 24 [25] June 1775 5 o'Clock P M 
Sir 

Upon my Arrival here this Afternoon I was inform'd that 
an Express was in Town from the provincial Camp in Massa- 
chusets Bay, and having seen among other papers in his pos- 
session a Letter directed to you as president of the Congress 
I have taken the Liberty to open it. 

I was induced to take that Liberty by several Gentlemen 
of New York who were anxious to know the particulars of the 
Affair of the 17th Ins' and agreeable to the Orders of many 
members of the Congress who judged it necessary that I should 
avail myself of the best Information in the Course of my Jour- 
ney. 

You will find Sir by that Letter a great want of Powder in 
the provincial army ; which I sincerely hope the Congress will 
supply as speedily & as effectually as in their Power. 

One thousand pounds in W were sent to the Camp at 
Cambridge three days ago from this City ; which has left this 
Place almost destitute of that necessary article ; there being at 
this Time from the best Information not more than four Bbs 
of powder in the City of N York. 

I propose to sett off for the provincial Camp to morrow and 
will use all possible Dispatch to join the Forces there. 

Please to make my Compliments to the Gentlemen the 
Congress. 



Letters from Washington. JMiscellaneoits. Vol. i. /. 2. 

TO GENERAL SCHUYLER. 

New York, 25 June, 1775. 
Sir: 

You are to take upon you the command of all the troops 
destined for the New York department, and see that the orders 
of the Continental Congress are carried into execution, with 
as much precision and exactness as possible. 

For 



WASHINCxTON PAPERS. [June, 



For your better government therein, you are herewith fur- 
nished with a copy of the instructions given to me by that 
honorable body. Such parts as are within the Hne of your 
duty, you will please to pay particular attention to. Delay no 
time in occupying the several posts, recommended by the Pro- 
vincial Congress of this colony, and putting them in a fit posture 
to answer the end designed : neither delay any time in securing 
the stores, which are, or ought to have been, removed from 
this city by order of the Continental Congress. 

Keep a watchful eye upon Gov' Tryon, and, if you find 
him attempting directly or indirectly any measures inimical 
to the common cause, use every means in your power to frus- 
trate his designs. It is not in my power, at this time, to point 
out the mode by which this end is to be accomplished ; but if 
forcible measures are judged necessary, (respecting the person 
of the Governor,) I should have no difficulty in ordering of it 
if the Continental Congress was not sitting; but as this is the 
case, the seizing governors quite a new (?) thing, and of 
exceeding great importance, I must refer you to that body for 
direction. In case the Governor should make any move towards 
increasing the strength of the Tory party, or in arming them 
against the cause we are embarked in. In like manner, watch 
the movements of the Indian agent, (Colonel Guy Johnston,) 
and prevent, as far as you can, the effect of his influence to 
our prejudice with the Indians. Obtain the best information 
you can of the temper & disposition of these people, and also 
of the Canadians, that a proper line may be mark'd out to con- 
ciliate their good opinion, or facilitate any future operation. 

The posts on Lake Champlain &c you will please to have 
properly supplied with provisions & ammunition ; & this I 
am persuaded you will aim at doing on the best terms, to 
prevent our good cause from sinking under a heavy load of 
expense. You. will be pleased, also, to make regular returns 
to me, and to the Continental Congress, once a month, and 
oftener as occurrences may require, of the forces under your 
command, of your provisions, stores, &c. and give me the 
earliest advices of every piece of intelligence, which you 

shall 



1 775-] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 



shall judge of importance to be speedily known. Your own 
good sense must govern you in all matters not particularly 
pointed out, as I do not wish to circumscribe you within nar- 
row limits. 



Letters to Washingto)i. Vol. 89. /. 2. 

FROM THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS. 

Philadelphia June 25''^ 1775 
Sir, 

By Direction of the Congress I now Transmitt you severall Resolutions 
pass'd yesterday by which you will observe they have Directed Major Gene- 
ral Schuyler to Examine into the State of the Forts at Ticonderoga and 
Crown Point, and of the Troops Stationed there, as also to Enquire into 
the Disposition of the Canadians and Indians, you will likewise find they 
have Directed him to Take or Destroy all Vessells, Boats or Floating Batte- 
ries prepar'd by Governor Carlton on or near the Waters of the Lakes, and 
to Take possession of St Johns &: Montreal if he finds it practicable, and 
not Disagreeable to the Canadians. The Alteration of the Sentiments of 
Congress since your Departure relative to making an Impression into Canada 
was occasion'd by a Letter they receiv'd from the Committee of Albany, a 
copy of which you have Inclos'd, they gave their Directions upon these 
important matters directly to Major General Schuyler, as he would be near 
the Forts above mention'd, and as their being sent to you would occasion 
such Delay as might prove Detrimental to the Service. 

I send you the remainder of the Commissions Signed, should you have 
occasion for more, please to acquaint me, & they shall be immediately 
Transmitted you. 

Brig"" Gen'. Gates not yet arrived in the City. I Expect him to morrow, 
and shall Deliver him his Commission, and promote his Joining you as soon 
as possible. Inclosed is a letter from him. 

With very best wishes for every personal happiness, and Success in all 
your undertakings, I have the Honor to be, 
Sir, 

Your most Obed Hum'^ Servt, 

John Hancock, President. 



WASHINGTON PAPERS. [June, 



[Enclosure No. i.] 

Letters to IVashington. Vol. 109. / i. 

albany committee to congress. 

Albany Committee Chamber, 

June 2ist, 1775. 
Gents 

Mr Dirik Swart a member of this board, who is just returned from Crown point, brings 
the following intelligence ; that one Mr Hay who lives about 40 miles up lake Champlain 
came down to Crown point, who told Coll. Arnold and others that he had been to Montreal 
for some flour ; that Govr. Carlton had him seized and confined for several days ; that by the 
interposition of the English Merchants of that place, he received liberty to return home, and 
that the merchants who procured him the pass from the Lieutenant Governour desired him to 
go down to Crown point and Ticonderoga with all speed and communicate to the commander 
of those fortresses that the French Caughnewagie indians had taken up the hatchet. But that 
they refused to go out upon any scouts until nine of their men who were then out, returned ; 
and that Governour Carlton was giving them presents daily. 

We are very sorry to inform you that from a number of corroborating circumstances, we 
have but too much reason to believe the above information to be true, and more especially as 
the troops which amount to about six hundred men, suffer no persons, coming up the lake to 
pass St. Johns if they can avoid it, where they are building floating batteries and boats ; Mr 
Swart also acquaint us that Mr Hay said, that Govr. Carlton had asked the English merchants 
to take up arms against the Yankees, to make use of his own phraseology, that the Merchants 
refused, upon which he told them he would set the town on fire; which the merchants said 
he was welcome to do, and added they could carry as much fire as himself — Mr Hay also 
desired Mr Swart, if he should happen to meet Mr. Price, he should request him not to proceed, 
as the English merchants in Canada conceived it unsafe for him. 

The foices above are in no proper state of defence principally owing to the scarcity of 
powder, of which article we have not yet been able to send up more ; with the supply we have 
received from New York, than three hundred and fifty pounds ; which quantity is altogether 
insufficient to answer the purposes intended and of little service in case of an attack^We can 
farther inform you, this city is not half supplied; nor have the frontier inhabitants either powder 
or arms; for which, applications have been, and daily are making to us — and as we have no 
prospect of any farther supply from New York, we beg to be assisted if possible from the lower 
Governments with all the dispatch possible. 

We should also desire that the command at the forts might be settled — Coll. Hinman we 
understood would have taken the command, but by his appointment from Govr Trumble, his 
orders are only to reinforce the Garrisons and command his regiment; upon which Coll. Arnold 
refused to resign ; We therefore conceived it highly necessary that a matter of such importance 
should be setled with all speed. The above we are also informed by Mr. Stewart, who was 
present and heard each read the others instmctions. 

We thought it our indispensible duty to acquaint you of these matters and therefore send 
them you 'J9 express — We are (Jent. 

"S'our very humble sers'ants 

By order of tlie Committee 

Saml Stringer, Chairman P T 

To THK .Mr.MBEKS OK THE CONTINENTAL C()N(;RESS. 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 



[ Enxlosure No. 2.] 

Letters to Washington. Vol. 89. /'. i. 

In Congress June 27. 1775. 

Resolved, That Major (leneral P. Schuyler be directed to repair as soon as conveniently 
he can to the posts of Ticonderoga and Crown point to examine into the slate thereof, and of 
the troops now stationed there & how they are supplied with provision and necessary stores — 
into the state also of the sloop and other navigation of the lakes — also to obtain the best intel- 
ligence he can of the disposition of the Canadians & Indians of Canada — That he confer with 
Coll. Hinman & Coll. Arnold on the subject of Coll. Arnolds letter to this Congress and 
report as soon as possible, the state of the whole as near as it can be ascertained to this Con- 
gress — And that he give orders for the necessary preparation of boats and stores for securing 
to the United Colonies the command of those waters adjacent to Crown point & Ticonderoga — 

Resolved, That as Govr Carlton is making preparations to invade these colonies & is 
instigating the Indian Nations to take up the Hatchet against them, Major Genel. Schuyler 
do exert his utmost power to destroy or take .all vessells, boats or floating batteries preparing 
by said Governor or by his order on or near the waters of the lakes 

Resolved, That if Genl. Schuyler finds it practicable and that it will not be disagreeable 
to the Canadians, he do immediately take possession of St Johns, Montreal and pursue any 
other measures in Canada, which may have a tendency to promote the peace and security of 
these colonies — 

Resolved, That if Genl Schuyler have occasion for a larger quantity of ready money & 
ammunition for carrying on such expedition, than he can in convenient time procure from the 
provincial convention of the colony of New York, he do in such case apply to the Govr. of 
Connecticut for such supplies, as may be necessary & can be furnished by that colony ; and 
that Governor Trumbull be desired to furnish such supplies and that this Congress will make 
provision for re-imburseing the same 

A true copy from the minutes 

Ch.\s Thomson sec 

Letters to Washington. Vol. 6. /. 1 14. 

FROM GENERAL SCHUYLER. 

Saturday, July i'^'. 1775. 
Sir 

I do myself the Honor to advise your Excellency that the Connecticut 
Troops, that arrived in this Colony under the Command of Brigadier Woos- 
ter are encamped within two miles of this Town. I have not yet had a 
Return of their numbers as soon as my Order for that Purpose is complied 
with I shall transmit it. 

Inclose You Sir a Copy of the Resolutions of the Hono: the Conti- 
nental Congress of the 27"' ult. I shall prepare with all possible Dispatch 
to carry into Execution their Views and propose leaving this for Albany in 
my way to Ticonderoga on Monday next. 

Eight Transports with Troops, that have been at Sandy Hook since 
Thursday last are to sail from thence to Day. Reports prevail that the men 
on Board have muntinied, that they refused to go to Boston, of this how- 
ever I have not been able to get any Certainty. Hand Bills have been 
introduced amongst them to encourage them to quit on the first favorable 
Opportunity a service which must render them odious to all honest Men. 

Governor Tryon's Conduct has hitherto been unexceptionable, and from 
the Information I have been able to procure, some of which I put great 

Confidence 



lO WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 

Confidence in, I have reason to believe that the Line he has chalked out for 
himself is such as we would wish he should hold. 

I believe the Commissions for this Department were already forwarded 
to You before my Letter (In obedience to Your order) to the Congress on 
that Subject arrived. If they are to be sent back, I beg of You to order 
them to be directed to the President of the Provincial Convention here. 

No Preparation has as yet been made to occupy a Post in the Highlands, 
by what I can learn the Provincial Convention have Doubts about the Pro- 
priety (which they have or mean to state to Congress) arising from the Want 
of Ammunition, to maintain the Post after it shall be compleated. 

A ship from London in five weeks advises that the Remonstrance sent by 
the Assembly of this Colony to the House of Commons has been rejected 
by them as containing Sentiments derogatory to the Rights of Parliament. 
This manoevre has already had salutary effects, many whose Sentiments are 
friendly to America, but who differed as to the Mode of procuring Redress, 
now publickly declare that they will no longer sit idle Spectators of their 
Country's Wrongs. 

That Success and Happiness equal to the Merit & Virtue of my General 
may crown all his Operations is the Wish of every honest American by none 
more sincerely than me. 

I am Your Excellency's Most Obed' 

& Most Hum*^ Serv' 

Ph : Schuyler. 

Letters to Washms:ton. Vol. 6. / 122. 

FROM THE YORKTOWN COMMITTEE. 

^ YoRKTowN I July 1775- 

Gentlemen. 

We had the honor of receiving your favor of the 15 inst. inclosing a Resolve of the Hon : 
Continental Congress of the 14th inst. 

We immediately summoned the committee of this county and laid before them your letter 
&c. The committee proceeded to the choice of officers fit to be recommended to the con- 
gress to command the company of Rifle men to be raised, and appointed six commissioners 
to provide necessaries for them. Every resolve past in committee with the greatest unanimity, 
and the gentleman of York town after the meeting dispersed themselves thro' the county and 
assisted the officers in recruiting. 

The spirit of the people on this occasion gave the committee infinite pleasure. The men 
seemed actuated with the greatest zeal and tho't themselves honored in having their names 
enrolled among the sons of Liberty who are to fight for their country and in defence of their 
dearest rights and privileges. The only uneasiness they feel is that they are not at this mo- 
ment at the scene of action. From the spirit of the soldiers we entertain the most flattering 
hopes that they will prove serviceable to the cause of Tiberty, and reflect honor on this 
country. 

The principal people here have caught the spirit of the Hon : Congress, and in their 
small circle have done every thing in their power to animate their neighbors to stand forth in 
this day of despotism, and resist the arbitrary and unjust measures of parliament with all the 
power which Heaven has given them. And we have the pleasure to inform you that tlieir 

labors 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. II 



labors have not been in vain, and that the county is ready to strain every nerve to put into 
execution any measures which the Congress may judge necessary to our common defence. 

The officers we take the liberty to recommend to you are Capt Michael Dowdle, Lieuts. 
Henry Miller, John Dill, John Watson. They are men whose courage we have the highest 
opinion of. The company including officers and soldiers are beyond the number fixed for 
this county, and as Genl Gates tho't it improper to discharge any we have sent them all. 

We request the favor of you that proper care be taken that none are draughted out of 
their company into another. This is the request of the inhabitants of this count)% many of 
them having their dearest friends engaged in the service, and would not by any means have 
them taken from their present officers. 

We hope no alteration will be made in the officers. The Capt. has behaved very well on 
this occasion, and has done all in his power by advancing money &c to forward the important 
common cause. 

Mr Miller is known to some of you gentlemen ; the other officers are men of worth and 
property. They have all wives and families and are entitled to the warmest thanks of their 
country. 

The commissioners appointed to provide necessaries for the men, will forward the accounts 
as soon as they possibly can. 

We are. Gentlemen, Yr most humble servs, 

Jas Smith Geo Irvin 

John Kean Joseph Donaldson 

Thos Hartley Michl Hahn 

The company began their march the nearest road to Boston this day. 



[ Order. ] 

Head Quarters, Cambridge, July 3rd 1775 
Parole, Lookout. Counter Sign, Sharp. 

The Colonels or commanding Officers of each Regt : are ordered forthwith, to make two 
Returns of the number of men in their respective Regiments, distinguishing such as are sick, 
wounded or absent on furlough : And also the quantity of ammunition each Regimt: now has. 

It appearing by the Report of Henry Woods, the Officer of the main guard, that one Wil- 
liam Alfred is confin'd for taking two horses, belonging to some Persons in Connecticut; but 
that he has made Satisfaction to the injured parties, who request that they may not be longer 
detain'd as witnesses: It is ordered that 'he be discharged, and after receiving a severe Rep- 
rimand, be turned out of camp. 

AFTER ORDERS. 4 O'CLOCK P. M. 

It is order'd that Col Glovers Regiment be ready this evening, with all their Accoutrements, 
to march at a minutes warning to support General Folsam of the New Hampshire forces, in 
case his Lines should be attack'd. 

It is also order'd, that Col Prescott's Regiment equip themselves, march this evening and 
take Possession of the Woods leading to Leechmore's point, and in case of an Attack, then 
Col. Glover's Regiment to march immediately to their support. 



12 • WASHINGTON PAPERS. [Jt'iA*, 

Letters to Washington. Vol. 6. /. 148. 

BROOK WATSON TO N. Y. PROVINCIAL CONGRESS. 

Lake Champlain near S' Johns 4th July 1775 
Sir 

By the general assistance which your Letter to the Officers in the Service 
of the Colonies procured me, I am now so near Mountreal that I expect to 
get there this Evening ; therefore embrace the opportunity of the returning 
Boats to make you my thanks for your kind attention to me and my friends, 
and I pray you Sir to make my warmest acknowledgements to your Provin- 
cial Congress for the oblidging Letter they kindly favoured me with, and for 
the pleasing expressions in my Regard which it contained ! a sincere friend 
to America and its rights I truly am, and as such cannot help expressing my 
uneasiness at the general Spirit which I have observed among the Colonic 
Troops quartered at Forts George, Ticonderoga, and Crown Point, they 
talk and act as if it was fully determined they should soon march into the 
Province of Quebec, surely my good Sir this cannot be the intention of 
the general Congress, if it is not immediate payns should be taken to sup- 
press the dangerous Idea, or it may soon produce the most dangerous conse- 
quence. Should the Colonies send their Troops into that Province, or 
should they go without Orders, the Canadians and the Indians their Friends, 
will naturally fall upon your back Settlements with Fire and Sword, then 
with the King's Troops on one side, and the Canadians and Indians on the 
other, what have the Colonists to expect but Slaughter. For God's sake 
exert every faculty to prevent so great an Evil. 

I know the Body of Gentlemen who have so properly chose you for their 
President, are greatly alarmed at the deplorable situation of affairs between 
Great Britain and her Colonies. America must look forward with the great- 
est Anxiety, and rejoyce in any prudent Plan for the restoring of Harmony 
and the security of property. I would to God I had a Head to contrive, and 
and a pen to persuade what might produce so desirable an Event, for the 
Credit and Comfort of all their future Moments depend upon it, but while 
Liberty or Slavery in their greatest extream is the alternative held out by the 
violent and designing on this side the water, and submission or destruction 
the language of the other, what hopes have the people but in the moderation. 
Wisdom and Justice of the general Congress: In their address to his 
Majesty of last Year they wisely declare " that they ask but for Peace Liberty 
and Safety; that they wished not a diminution of the prerogative, nor did 
they solicite for any new right in their favour, that his royal Authority over 
them, and their Connection with Great Britain they would always carefully 
and Zealously endeavour to support and maintain." This declaration 
breathed the Spirits of good subjects, valuing their just rights too much to 
abuse them, but these Sentiments were not constitutionally conveyed to the 
royal ear. 

That Government are ready to receive any fair propositions which may 
be constitutionally offered, cannot be doubted after we consider the Minis- 
ter's declaration in i)arliament, "That if the Dispute in which the Americans 
have engaged goes to the whole of their Authority, they can enter into no 
negotiation, they can meet no compromise, but if it be only as to the sus- 
pention of the exercise of their Rights, or as to the mode of laying or rais- 
ing taxes for a Contribution towards the common Defence it might be just 
and wise to meet any fair proposition which might come from any Province 
or Colony." 

This 



1 775-] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 



This declaration, I humbly conceive, clearly points out the line of Con- 
duct which the General Congress ought to pursue, as it must be the wish of 
that Assembly to carry matters to an extream, by which the whole Empire 
must suffer and America be drove to the last Distress, would they but state 
their real Crievances with Temper and Wisdom, their Desires with Modera- 
tion and Justice in a dutiful memorial to the King, to be transmitted by the 
Provincial Assemblies to their respective Agents in London, such Applica- 
tion could not fail to produce the most desirable Effects, but if on the other 
Hand the Congress should order or suffer the people to proceed to the ex- 
treams which I now much fear, nothing but the .Sword can determine the un- 
natural contest, and they would soon discover the fatal Truth of what hath 
been so emphatically expressed by the judicious M' Glover "that high sound- 
ing words produce no food for the hungry ho raiment for the naked." 
I am Sir Your Oblidged Hble Servant 

Brook Watson. 

P. S. — -I have rec'' the kindest treatment from Cap" Fisher, Col' Hinman 
aud Major Elmer. 



Letters to IVas/iin^-ton. Vol.6. /'. Ii8. 

FROM MESSRS. WARRKN AND HAWI.KV. 

AVatkriown July 4. 1775 
Sir. 

As Pomroy is now Absent, and at the distance of an hundred miles from 
the Army, if it can be consistent with your Excellencys Trust & the Service 
to retain his Commission untill you shall recieve Advice from the Continental 
Congress, and we shall be able to prevail with Heath to make a concession 
Honourable to himself, and advantageous to the publick. ^^'e humbly conceive 
the way would be open to do Justice to Thomas. We have the Honour to 
be Your Excellencys Most 

Obedient HumbP Serv"" 

Jas. Warren 
Joseph Hawley 

[ Orders. ] 

Head Quarters, Cami;ridge, July 4th, 1775. 
Parole, Alnngtoii. Counter Sign, Bedford. 

P'xact returns to be made by the proper Officers of all the Provisions, Ordnance, Ordnance 
Stores, Powder, Lead, working Tools of all kinds, Tents, Camp Kettles, and all other Stores 
under their respective care, belonging to the Armies at Roxbury and Cambridge. The com- 
manding Officer of each Regiment to make a return of the number of blankets wanted to 
compleat every Man with one at least. 

The Hon: Artemus Ward, Charles Lee, Philip Schuyler, and Israel Putnam Esquires, are 
appointed Major Generals of the American Army, and due obedience is to be paid them as 
such. The Continental Congress not having compleated the appointments of the other officers 
in said army, nor had sufficient time to prepare and forward their Commissions; every Officer 
is to continue to do duty in the Rank and Station he at present holds, untill further orders. 

Thomas Mifflin Esqr: is appointed by the General one of his Aid-de-Camps. — Joseph 
Reed Esqr is in like manner appointed Secretary to the General, and they are in future to be 
considered and regarded as such. 

The Continental Congress having now taken all the Troops of the several Colonies, which 
have been raised, or which may be hereafter raised, for the support and defence of the Liber- 
ties 



14 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 



ties of America; into their Pay and Service : They are now the Troops of the United Provinces 
of North America; and it is hoped that all Distinctions of Colonies will be laid aside ; so that 
one and the same spirit may animate the whole, and the only Contest be, who shall render, 
on this great and trying occasion ; the most essential Service to the great and common cause 
in which we are all engaged. 

It is required and expected that exact discipline be observed, and due Subordination pre- 
vail thro' the whole Army, as a Failure in these most essential points must necessarily produce 
extreme Hazard, Disorder and Confusion ; and end in shameful disappointment and disgrace. 

The General most earnestly requires, and expects, a due observance of those articles of 
war, established for the Government of the army, which forbid profane cursing, swearing and 
drunkeness; And in like manner requires & expects, of all Officers, and Soldiers, not engaged 
on actual duty, a punctual attendance on divine Service, to implore the blessings of heaven 
upon the means used for our safety and defence. 

All Officers are required and expected to pay diligent Attention, to keep their Men neat 
and clean— to visit them often at their quarters, and inculcate upon them the necessity of 
cleanliness, as essential to their health and service. They are particularly to see, that they 
have Straw to lay on, if to be had, and to make it known if they are destitute of this article. 
They are also to take care that Necessarys be provided in the Camps and frequently filled up 
to prevent their being offensive and unhealthy. Proper Notice will be taken of such Officers 
and Men, as distinguish themselves Ijy their attention to these necessary duties. 

The commanding Officer of each Regiment is to take particular care that not more than 
two Men of a Company be absent on furlough at the same lime, unless in very extraordinary 
cases. 

Col Gardner is to be buried to morrow at 3, oClock, P. M. with the military Honors due 
to so brave and gallant an ( )fficer, who fought, bled and died in the Cause of his country and 
mankind. His own Regiment, except the company at Maiden, to attend on this mournful 
occasion. The places of those Companies in the Lines on Prospect Hill, to be supplied by 
Col Glovers regiment 'till the funeral is over. 

No Person is to be allowed to go to Fresh-water pond a fishing or on any other occasion 
as there may be danger of introducing the small pox into the army. 

It is strictly required and commanded that there be no firing of Cannon or small Arms 
from any of the Lines, or elsewhere, except in case of necessary, immediate defence, or special 
order given for that purpose. 

All Prisoners taken. Deserters coming in, Persons coming out of Boston, who can give any 
Intelligence; any Captures of any kind from the Enemy, are to be immediately reported and 
brought up to Head Quarters in Cambridge. 

Capt : Ciriffin is appointed Aid-de-Camp to General Lee and to be regarded as such. 

The Guard for the Security of the .Stores at Watertown, is to be increased to thirty men 
immediately. 

A Serjeant and six men to be set as a Guard to the Hospital, and are to apply to Doctor 
Rand. 

Complaint having been made against John White (Quarter Master of Col. Nixon's Regmt: 
for misdemeanors in drawing out Provisions for more ^Ien than the Regiment consisted of; A 
Court Martial consisting of one Captain and four Subalterns is ordered to be held on said 
White, who are to enquire, determine and report. 

AFTER ORDERS. lO o'ci-OCK. 

The General desires that some Carpenters be immediately set to work at Brattle's Stables, 
to fix up Stalls for eight Horses, and more if the Room will admit, with suitable racks, man- 
gers &c. 



Head Quarters, Cambridge, July 5th: 1775. 
Parole, Bedford. C Sign, Cambridge. 

Tlie Adjutant of each Regiment is required to take special care, that all general orders are 
communicated, as well to the private men, as to the officers — that there may be no Plea of 
Ignorance — they will be deemed answerable for all the consequences which may follow a 
neglect of this order. 

A General Court martial is ordered to sit to morrow at 10 oClock A. M. for the Trial of 
William Patten charged with "leaving his post on guard" David Wells and Gideon Cole for 
"sleeping on their posts as centinels " — John Scott for "insulting the Gentry and attempting 
to pass the guard at Boston " and James Foslie for "//^r/?" — When the Witnesses are to attend 
and the parlies charged, are to have notice this day that they may l)e prepared for their trials. 

The 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 15 



The General most earnestly recommends & requires of all the Officers, that they be exceeding 
diligent and strict in preventing all Invasions and Abuse of private property in their quarters, 
or elsewhere he hopes, and indeed flatters himself, that every private Soldier will detest, and 
abhor such practices, when he considers, that it is for the preservation of his own Rights, 
Liijerty and Property, and those of his Fellow Countrymen, that he is now called into service: 
that it is unmanly and sully's the dignity of the great cause, in which we are all engaged, to 
violate that property, he is called to protect, and especially, that it is most cruel and inconsis- 
tant, thus to add to the Distresses of those of their countr}men, who are suffering under the 
Iron hand of oppression. 

The General again urges, a speedy and exact Return, of the Forces, Stores, Provisions iS:c ; 
as desired in the Orders already issued, and for the future, these Returns to- be made once a 
week, on Saturday Morning regularly. The General is much pleased with the expedition and 
care, which some Officers have already shewn in their obedience to this order. 

The Colonel or commanding Officer of each Regiment, is to direct an ( )fficer of each Com- 
pany, to call over the Rolls of their men, at six oClock every morning, and to make proper 
Inquiry after the absentees. 



[On July 5 President Hancock transmitted the articles passed by Congress for the govern- 
ment of the troops. Letters to JV<rs//ino-ton, vol. 8g. These articles are printed in ycwvw/y 
of Congress, June 29, 1775.] 



[ Orders. ] 

Head Quarters, Camkridge, July 6th, 1775. 
Parole, Cumberlaiut. C Sign, Derby. 

A General Court Martial is ordered to sit to morrow at 10 oClock, A. M : for the Trial of 
John Semsy, John Batcheler, and William Crostin all of Col Gridley's Regiment, charged with 
"Desertion and Theft". At the same time, they are to hear and determine, the Case of 
Edward Dunley a .Stroller, accused of "Theft" — Notice to be given to the Prisoners to day. 

Captain Leonard of Col Woodbridges Regiment and the remainder of his Company, are 
ordered to join the Guard at Watertown. 

The Cloathing provided by the Massachusetts Committee of Supplies, for those Men of their 
tJovernment, who lost their Cloaths in the late Action on Bunkers-hill, to be distributed to the 
most needy and necessitous Men of each Regimt: & an Account to be kept thereof by the 
commanding Officer of each regiment. 



Head Quarters, Cambridge, July 7th: 1775. 
Parole, Dorchester. C. Sign, Exeter. 

It is with inexpressible Concern that the General upon his first Arrival in the army, should 
find an Officer sentenced by a General Court Martial to be cashier'd for Cowardice — A Crime 
of all others, the most infamous in a Soldier, the most injurious to an Army, and the last to be 
forgiven; inasmuch as it may, and often does happen, that the Cowardice of a single Officer 
may prove the Distraction of the whole Army : The General therefore (tho' with great Concern, 
and more especially, as the Transaction happened before he had the Command of the Troops) 
thinks himself obliged for the good of the service, to approve the Judgment of the Court 
Martial with respect to Capt : John Callender, who is hereby sentenced to be cashiered. Capt : 
John Callender is accordingly cashiered and dismissd: from all farther service in the Conti- 
nental Army as an Officer. 

The General having made all due inquiries, and maturely consider'd this matter is led to 
the above determination not only from the particular Guilt of Capt Callenders, but the fatal 
Consequences of such Conduct to the army and to the cause of america. 

He now therefore most earnestly exhorts Officers of all Ranks to shew an Example of 
Bravery and Courage to their men ; assuring them that such as do their duty in the day of 
Battle, as brave and good Officers, shall be honor' d with every mark of distinction and regard; 
their names and merits made known to the CJeneral Congress and all America: while on the 
other hand, he positively declares that every Officer, be his rank what it may, who shall betray 
his Country, dishonour the Army and his General, by basely keeping back and shrinking from 
his duty in any engagement; shall be held up as an infamous Coward and punish'd as such, 

with 



1 6 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 



with the utmost martial severity ; and no Connections, Interest or Intercessions in his behalf 
will avail to prevent the strict execution of justice. 

Capt Scotts and Capt: Styler's Company's from New Hampshire, are to be incorporated, 
or added to Col. Serjants Regiment, agreeable to the application made for that purpose. No 
Officer or Soldier, posted in the Lines for the defence of them, on Prospect Hill, or Winter 
Hill, or elsewhere, are upon any account to sleep out of their encampment or leave it at night. 
The Troops from New Hampshire are particularly requir'd to attend to this Order, from their 
particular Circumstances of situation. 

No Soldier, belonging to these posts, or elsewhere, to be suffered to straggle at a distance 
from their respective parade, on any pretence, without leave from his Officers : As an unguarded 
Hour, may prove fatal to the whole army, and to the noble Cause in which we are engaged. 
The Importance of which, to every man of common understanding, must inspire every good 
Officer and Soldier, with the noblest Ardour and strictest attention, least he .should prove the 
fatal Instrument of our ruin. 

The Adjutant General is re([uired, to make a return as quick as possilale, of the Troops in 
Cambridge, their number and the duty they do. 

Complaints having been made with respect to the Bread, as being sour and unwholesome ; 
the Quarter Master Cieneral is hereby directed to enf|uire into the matter and report upon it: 
At the same time to inform the Bakers that if any Complaints are made and they shall be found 
ju.st, they will be most severely punislied. 

The Guards on the Roads leading to Bunker's Hill, are ordered not to suffer any person 
to pass them, unless an ( )fficer is sent down from the Lines to order it, or they will be severely 
punished. 

The (ieneral has great Reason; and is highly displeased, with the Negligence and Inat- 
tention of those Officers, who have placed as Gentries, at the out-posts. Men with whose 
Characters they are not acquainted. He therefore orders, that for the future, no Man shall be 
appointetl to those important .Stations, who is not a Native of this Country, or has a Wife, or 
Family in it, to whom he is known to be attached. This order is to be consider'd as a stand- 
ing one and the Officers are to pay oljedience to it at their peril. 

A Complaint of the most extraordinary kind having been made to the General, that Soldiers 
inlisted in one Regiment, have been seduced to reinlist into others, by Agents employed for 
that purpose under the specious promises of money, or leave of absence from the army, a pro- 
cedure so subversive of all order, discipline, and of the very Existance of the army, cannot be 
forgiven — the strictest ( )rders are therefore given against such practices, and the General most 
earnestly declares, that if any Agent or Soldier, shall hereafter be found so offending, he will 
punish them with the utmost severity. 

A General Court Martial having sat upon William Patten and reported, that no Evidence 
appeared against him, to support the Charge; the General defers his decision upon the Report, 
until! farther consideration. In the mean time, the Adjutant General is ordered to wait on 
Col Ward, by whom the Prisoner was confin'd and learn from him upon whose complaint, 
and what Witnesses, there are to support it. 

A regimental Court Martial is ordered to sit to morrow lo oClock, on Samuel Bartlett of 
the Company late Capt : Callenders, and Col Gridley's Regiment, confin'd for " abusive 
behaviour." 

A General Court Martial to sit to morrow, lo oClock A. M: for the Trial of Thomas 
Danieby, charged with " stealing" ; each of the above Prisoners to have notice to day, and the 
Witnesses in like manner order'd to attend. 

In order that all the sick and wounded in the Army may be provided for, and taken Care 
of in the best way and manner possible : It is order'd, that when any CMificer or Soldier is so 
ill, either by a wound, or otherwise, that the Surgeon of the Reg* : to which he belongs, finds 
lie cannot be properly taken care of in such Reg': such Surgeon shall send him to the Camp 
Hospital to which they belong, with a Certificate of the Man's Name, the Company to which 
he belongs, and in that case the .Surgeon of the Hospital shall receive said sick and wounded ; 
and in case such Hospital shall be too full, in that case the Surgeons of said Hospital shall send 
such of his patients, as may be removed with safety, to the Hospital at Water-town, witli the 
like Certificate as above, on which the Surgeon of Water-town I lospital, is to receive, and 
take care of him. 



IIe.'XD Qu.artkrs, Cami'.kidgk, July 8th, 1775. 
Parole, Essex. Counter-sign, Falkland. 

Ordered that the main guard on no Account whatever, be without a Drum, which is to 
beat to Arms on any Alarm and l)e followed by all the drums in the Camp; On which every 
Officer and Soldier is immediately to repair to the Alarm post. 

The 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 1 7 



The Commanding Officer of each Regiment or Corps in Cambridge as soon as the Men 
are paraded after an Alarm, to send an ( )fficer to Head Ouarters for orders. 

The commanding Officers at Roxbury, Prospect hill Winter-hill and Sewalls point to send 
Expresses in case of Alarm to Head (Quarters with an account of the Situation and the move- 
ments of the enemy — If they are not each provided with a Horse for that purpose ; the Adjutant 
General to apply to the Committee of supplies. 

Col Gridley of the Artillery, or the next in Command, to give in a Return of his men. 
Stores, and Ammunition, agreeable to the Order of the 4th Instant, and to distinguish the 
Posts to which his Regiment is assigned in Case of alarm : The same order as to a Return of 
the Men, Ammunition and Blankets is given to the Commanding Officers of the Regiments 
late Col (_;arner"s Col Glovers, & Col Gerrishes, who have omitted complying with the above 
Orders hitherto. 

The Commanding Officers at Winter-hill, Prospect-hill and Roxbury are to make particular 
enquiry into the Ammunition of the Men in those Lines, and if there is any Heficiency imme- 
diately to report it to the General at Head quarters. 

A General Court Martial is order'd to set on monday next 10, oClock A : M : for the Trial 
of Lieu' Brigham charged with, " rescuing a Prisoner when in lawful custody." 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 6. /. 126. 

FROM JAMES HENDRICKS AND OTHERS. 

Ai.E.XANDRIA July 8. I775 

May it please your Excellency. 

Your favor of the 20 ul". notifying your Intended departure for the Camp, we Received, 
and after transmitting copies to the different officers, to whom it was directed, we laid it be- 
fore a full meeting of your company this day. At the same time that they deplore the un- 
fortunate occasion, that calls you, their patron, friend & worthy citizen from them, & your 
more tender connections, they beg your acceptance of their most hearty congratulations upon 
your appointment to the supreme military command of the American confederated forces. 

Firmly convinced Sir of your zealous attachment to the rights of your country and those 
of mankind, and of your earnest desire that harmony & Good will should again take place 
between us & our parent state, we well know that your every exertion will be invariably em- 
ployed, to preserve the one & effect the other. 

Your kind recommendation, that a strict attention be had to disciplining the company, 
shall be complied with, and every possible method used for procuring arms & ammunition. 

We are to inform you Sir, by desire of the Company, that if at any time you shall judge 
it expedient for them to join the Troops at Cambridge, or to march elsewhere, they will 
cheerfully do it. . 

As the success of our arms, during the unhappy contest for our liberties, will ever aftbrd 
us the highest satisfaction, and as reports heretofore have been various & unauthentic, we 
Intreat your Excellency, should there be any future Engagement and your leisure permit, to 
favour us with an account. Let our concerns for the cause we are Imbarked in, claim your 
excuse for this freedom. 

We now Recommend you to the favor of him, by whom Kings Reign and Princes decree 
justice, and wishing all your councils & operations to be directed by his gracious providence 
to an happy and lasting union between us & Great Britain we are with great regard for selves 
& the Company 

Your Excellency's Most Obed & Humble Servants 

James Hendricks. 
Geo. Gilpin 
Rob H Harri.son 
W. P. 2. 



WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 



Letters to Washington. Vol.6. /. 135. 

c;. JOHNSON to TIIK NKW VORK rKoVlNCIAI, CONtmESS. 

Sir. Ontario July the 8th 1775 

Though 1 rec' your letter from the Provincial Congress several days ago I had not a good 
opportunity to answer it till now. I suppose however this will reach you safe notwithstand- 
ing all the rest of my correspondence is interrupted by ignorant impertinents. 

As to the endeavour you speak of to reconcile the unhappy differences between the parent 
state and these colonies be assured I ardently wish to see them as yet I am sorry to say I 
have not been able to discover any attempt of that kind but that of the Assembly the only 
true legal Representatives of the people and as to the individuals who you say officiously (in 
my quarter) the mode and measures you think necessary for these salutary purposes I am 
really a stranger to them If you mean myself you must have been grossly imposed upon I 
once indeed went with reluctance at the request of several of the principal inhabitants to one 
of the peoples meetings which I found had been called by an itinerant N. England Leather 
dresser and conducted by others if possible more contemptible. I had therefore little inclina- 
tion to revisit such men or attend to their absurditjes. .\nd altho 1 did not incline to think 
that your gentlemen had formed any designs against me yet it is most certain that such de- 
signs were formed Of this I received a clear account by express from a friend near Albany, 
which was soon corroliorated liy Letters from other Quarters particularly one from a Oentle- 
man of the Committee at Philadelphia a Captain in your levies who was pretty circumstantial 
and since I have had the like from many others I have likewise found that mean Instruments 
were officiously employed to disturb the minds of the Indians to interrupt the ordinary dis- 
charge of my duties and prevent their receiving Messages they had long since expected from 
me To enter into a minute detail of all the falsehoods propagated and all the obstructions 
I met with thougli it cou"(l not fail astonishing any gentlemen disposed to discountenance 
them would far exceed the limits of a letter or the time I have to spare as I am now finishing 
my Congress entirely to my satisfaction with 1348 Warriors who came hither to the only 
place where they could transact business or receive favors without interruption and who are 
much dissatisfied at finding that the goods which I was necessitated to send for to Montreal 
were obliged to be ordered back by the merchant to prevent his being insulted or his property 
invaded by the mistaken populace — that their Ammunition was stopped at Albany — the per- 
sons on this Communication employed in purchasing provisions for the Congress insulted and 
all my Letters as well as even some trifling articles for the use of my own table stopped 
And this moment the Mayor of Albany assured me that he was the other day aroused out of 
his bed at a certain M'' Thompson's above the German Flats by one Hirkemer and 15 others 
who pursued him to search for any things he might have for me 

You may be assured sir that this is far from being agreeable to the Indians that it might 
have produced very disagreeable consequences long since had not compassion for a deluded 
people taken place of every other consideration. And that the impotent endeavors of a Mis- 
sionary (who has forfeited his Honor pledged to me) with part of the tribes is a circumstance 
that however trifling encreases their resentment 

I should be much obliged by your promises of discountenancing any attempts against 
myself <S:C'' did they not appear on condition of Compliance with Continental or Pro^•incial 
Congresses or even Committees formed or to be formed many of whose resolves may neither 
consist with my Conscience duty or loyalty I trust I shall always manifest more humanity 
than to promote the destruction of the innocent inhabitants of a Colony to which I have been 
always warndy altaclied a declaration that must appear perfectly suitable to the character of a 
man of honour and principle who can on no account neglect those duties that are consistent 
therewith however they may differ from sentiments now adopted in so many parts of America 

I sincerely wish a speedy termination to the present troubles and I am Sir 

^■our most Humble Servant G Johnson. 

I shall have occasion to meet the Indians of my department in different (Quarters this 
season A true Copy (Signed) John Bay Secr>' 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 1 9 



/ [ Order. ] 

Head Quarters, Cambridge, July 9th 1775. 
Parole, Effingham. C Sign, Waterto-vn. 

The Continental Congress having been pleased to appoint Horatio Gates Esq'' Brigadier 
General, and Adjutant General of the Army; he is to be obeyed as such; and all (Jrders 
transmitted through him from the Commander in Chief, whether written, or verbal, are to be 
punctually, and immediately obey'd. 

All Soldiers, more than two a Company, who are at present absent on Furlough, and all 
( )fficers, non Commissioned ( )fficers, and Soldiers, who have not join'd their respective Corps, 
to be ordered forthwith to Camp. The Commanding Officers of Corps to l)e answeralile to 
the tleneral, for an immediate obedience to this order. 

The General (or in his absence) The Commanding Officer at Roxbury, to send a report 
every day in writing, sealed up, to the Commander in Chief at Head (Quarters, in Cambridge, 
of all the material Occurrences of the preceeding day; mentioning particularly, all Arrivals of 
Ships and Vessels in the bay; and what changes and alterations are made, in the Stations of 
the Men of war, Transport's, and floating batteries iS:c : 



Letters of Washuigton. Miscellaneous. Vol. i,/, 4; Transcript A, Vol. i, /. 2 .■ Con- 
tinental Congress, A'^o. 132, f. 9 ; A'o. i6g, Vol. i,/. 385. 

TO THE PRESH)ENT OF CONGRESS. 

Camp at Cambridge July lo, 1775. 
Sir, 

I arrived safe at this Place on the 3*^ inst\ after a Journey 
attended with a good deal of Fatigue, & retarded by necessary 
Attentions to the successive Civilities which accompanied me 
in my whole Rout. Upon my arrival, I immediately visited 
the several Posts occupied by our Troops, & as soon as the 
Weather permitted, reconnoitred those of the Enemy. I 
found the latter strongly entrench'd on Bunker's Hill about a 
Mile from Charlestown. & advanced about half a Mile from 
the Place of the last Action, with their Centries extended about 
1 50 Yards on this side of the narrowest Part of the Neck 
leading from this Place to Charlestown ; 3 floating Batteries 
lay in Mystick River, near their camp ; & one 20 Gun Ship 
below the Ferr)^ Place between Boston & Charlestown. They 
have also a Battery on Copse Hill, on the Boston side, which 
much annoyed our Troops in the late attack. Upon the Neck, 
they are also deeply entrenched & strongly fortified. Their 
advanced Guards 'till last Saturday morning, occupied Brown's 
Houses, about a mile from Roxbury Meeting House & 20 
roods from their Lines : But at that Time a Party from General 
Thomas's Camp surprized the Guard, drove them in & burnt the 
houses. The Bulk of their Army commanded by Genl. Howe, 

lays 



20 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [Ji'iy, 

lays on Bunker's Hill, & the Remainder on Roxbury Neck, 
except the Light Horse, & a few Men in the Town of Boston, 
On our side we have thrown up Intrenchments on Winter 
& Prospect Hills, the Enemies camp in full View at the Dis- 
tance of little more than a Mile. Such intermediate Points, as 
would admit a Landing, I have since my arrival taken care to 
strenofthen, down to Sewal's Farm, where a stronor Entrench- 
ment has been thrown up. At Roxbury General Thomas has 
thrown up a strong Work on the Hill, about 200 Yards above 
the Meetinor House which with the Broken-ness of the Ground 
& great Number of Rocks has made that Pass very secure. 
TheTroops raised in New Hampshire, with a Regiment from 
Rhode Island occupy Winter Hill. A Part of those from 
Connecticut under General Puttnam are on Prospect Hill, 
The Troops in this Town are intirely of the Massachusetts : 
The Remainder of the Rhode Island Men, are at Sewall's Farm: 
Two Regiments of Connecticut & 9 of the Massachusetts are 
at Roxbury. The Residue of the Army, to the Number of 
about 700, are posted in several small Towns along the Coast, 
to prevent the Depredations of the Enemy: Upon the whole, 
I think myself authorized to say, that considering the great 
Extent of Line, & the nature of the Ground we are as well 
secured as could be expected in so short a Time & under 
the Disadvantages we labour. These consist in a Want 
of Engineers to construct proper Works and direct the men, 
a Want of Tools, & a sufficient Number of Men to man the 
Works in Case of an attack. You will observe by the Pro- 
ceedings of the Council of War, which I have the Honour to 
enclose, that it is our unanimous Opinion to hold and defend 
these Works as long as possible. The Discouragement it would 
give the Men & its contrary Effects on the ministerial Troops, 
thus to abandon our Incampment in their Face, form'd with 
so much Labour, added to the certain Destruction of a con- 
siderable & valuable Extent of Country, and our Uncertainty 
of finding a Place in all Respects so capable of making a 
stand, are leadincr Reasons for this Determination: at the 
same Time we are very sensible of the Difficulties which attend 

the 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 21 

the Defence of Lines of so great extent, and the Dangers which 
may ensue from such a Division of the Army. 

My earnest Wishes to comply with the Instructions of the 
Congress in making an early and complete Return of the State 
of the Army, has led into an involuntary Delay of addressing 
you, which has given me much Concern. Having given orders 
for this Purpose immediately on my Arrival, & unapprized 
of the imperfect Obedience which had been paid to those 
of the like Nature from General Ward, I was led from Day 
to Day to expect they would come in, & therefore detained 
the Messenger. They are not now so complete as I could 
wish, but much Allowance is to be made for Inexperience in 
I^orms, & a Liberty which had been taken (not given) on this 
subject. These Reasons I flatter myself will no longer exist, 
and of Consequence more Regularity & exactness in future 
prevail. This, with a necessary attention to the Lines, the 
Movements of the Ministerial Troops, & our immediate 
Security, must be my Apology, which I beg you lay before 
the Congress with the utmost Duty & Respect. 

We labour under great Disadvantages for Want of Tents, 
for tho' they have been help'd out by a Collection of now 
useless sails from the Sea Port Towns, the Number is yet far 
short of our Necessities. The Colleo-es & Houses of this 
Town are necessarily occupied by the Troops which affords 
another Reason for keeping our present Situation : But I 
most sincerely wish the whole Army was properly provided 
to take the Field, as I am well assured, that besides greater 
Expedition & Activity in case of Alarm, it would highly con- 
duce to Health & discipline. As Materials are not to be had 
here, I would beg leave to recommend the procuring a farther 
supply from Philadelphia as soon as possible. 

I should be extremely deficient in Gratitude, as well as Jus- 
tice, if I did not take the first opp'y to acknowledge the 
Readiness & Attention which the provincial Congress & 
different Committees have shewn to make every Thing as 
convenient & agreeable as possible : but there is a vital & 
inherent Principle of Delay incompatible with military service 

in 



2 2 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [Ji'i-V, 



in transacting- Business thro' such numerous & different 
Channels. I esteem it therefore my Duty to represent the 
Inconvenience that must unavoidably ensue from a dependance 
on a Xumber of Persons for supplies. & submit it to the 
Consideration of the Congress whether the publick Service 
will not be best promoted by appointing a Commissary General 
for these purposes. We have a striking Instance of the 
Preference of such a Mode in the Establishment of Connecti- 
cut, as their Troops are extremely well provided under the 
Direction of M' Trumbull, & he has at different Times assisted 
others with various Articles; Should my Sentiments happily 
coincide with those of your Honours, on this subject, I beg 
leave to recommend M"". Trumbull as a very proper Person 
for this Department. In the Arrangement of Troops collected 
under such Circumstances, & upon the Spur of immediate 
Necessit}^ several Appointments are omitted, which appear 
to be indispensably necessary for the good Government of the 
Army, particularly a Quartermaster General, a Commissar)- 
of Musters & a Commissary of Artillery-. These I must 
Earnestly recommend to the Notice & Provision of the Con- 
gress. ' 

I find myself already much embarrassed for Want of a 
Military Chest; these embarrassments will increase every day : 
I must therefore request that Money may be forwarded as 
soon as Possible. The want of this most necessary Article, 
will I fear produce great Inconveniencies if not prev^ented by 
an early Attention. I find the Army in general, & the Troops 
raised in Massachusetts in particular, very deficient in neces- 
sary Cloathing. Upon Inquiry there appears no Probability 
of obtaining any supplies in this Quarter. And the best 
Consideration of this Matter I am able to form, I am of Opinion 
that a Xumber of huntino- Shirts not less than lo.ooo, would 
in a great Degree remove this Difficulty in the cheapest & 
quickest manner. I know nothing in a speculative View 
more trivial, yet if put in Practice would have a happier 
Tendency to unite the Men, & abolish those Provincial 
Distinctions which lead to Jealousy & Dissatisfaction. In 

a former 



?5-] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 



a former part of this Letter I mentioned the want of Engi- 
neers ; I can hardly express the Disappointment I hav-e 
experienced on this Subject. The Skill of those we have, 
being very imperfect & confined to the mere manual Exer- 
cise of Cannon : \\ hereas — the War in which we are en- 
gaged requires a Knowledge comprehending the Duties of 
the Field and Fortifications. If any Persons thus qualified 
are to be found in the Southern Colonies, it would be of ereat 
publick Service to forward them with all expedition. Upon 
the Article of Ammunition I must re-echo the former Com- 
plaints on this Subject: We are so exceedingly destitute, that 
our Artillery will be of little Use without a supply both large 
& seasonable: What we have must be reserved for the 
small Arms, & that managed with the utmost Frugality. 

I am sorry to observe that the Appointments of the Gen- 
eral Officers in the Province of Massachusetts Bay have by no 
Means corresponded with the Judgement & Wishes of either 
the civil or ^lilitary. The great Dissatisfaction expressed 
on this Subject & the apparent Danger of throwing the Army 
into the utmost Disorder, together with the strong Represen- 
tations of the Provincial Congress, have induced me to retain 
the Commissions in my Hands untill the Pleasure of the Con- 
gress should be farther known, (except General Puttnam's 
which was given the Day I came into Camp & before I was 
apprized of these Uneasinesses.) In such a Step I must beg 
the Congress will do me the Justice I believe, that I have been 
actuated solely by a Regard to the publick Good. I have not, 
nor could have any private Attachments ; every Gentleman 
in Appointment, was an intire Stranger to me but from 
Character. I must therefore rely upon the Candour of the 
Congress for their favourable Construction of my Conduct 
in this Particular. General Spencer was so much disgusted 
at the preference given to General Puttnam that he left the 
Army without visiting me, or making known his Intentions 
in any respect. General Pomroy had also retired before my 
Arrival, occasioned (as is said) by some Disappointment from 
the Provincial Congress. General Thomas is much esteemed 

& earnestly 



24 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 

& earnestly desired to continue in the service: and as far as 
my Opportunities have enabled me to judge I must join in 
the general opinion that he is an able good Ofificer & his 
Resignation would be a publick Loss. The postponing him 
to Pomroy & Heath whom he has commanded would make 
his Continuance very difficult, & probably operate on his Mind, 
as the like Circumstance has done on that of Spencer. 

The State of the Army you will find ascertained with toler- 
able Precision in the Returns which accompany this Letter. 
Upon finding the Number of men to fall so far short of the 
Establishment, & below all Expectation, I immediately called 
a Council of the general Officers, whose opinion as to the 
mode of filling up the Regiments, & providing for the present 
Exigency, I have the Honour of inclosing together with the 
best Judgment we are able to form of the ministerial Troops. 
From the Number of Boys, Deserters, «& Negroes which have 
been inlisted in the troops of this Province, I entertain some 
doubts whether the number required can be raised here; and 
all the General Officers agree that no Dependance can be put 
on the militia for a Continuance in Camp, or Regularity and 
Discipline during the short Time they may stay. This unhappy 
& devoted Province has been so long in a State of Anarchy, 
& the Yoke of ministerial Oppression been laid so heavily 
on it that great Allowances are to be made for Troops raised 
under such Circumstances: The Deficiency of Numbers, Dis- 
cipline & Stores can only lead to this Conclusion, that their 
Spirit has exceeded their Strength. But at the same Time I 
would humbly submit to the consideration of the Congress, 
the Propriety of making some farther Provision of Men from 
the other Colonies. If these Regiments should be completed 
to their Establishment, the Dismission of those unfit for Duty 
on account of their Age & Character would occasion a con- 
siderable Reduction, and at all events they have been inlisted 
upon such Terms, that they may be disbanded when other 
Troops arrive : But should my apprehensions be realized, & 
the Regiments here not filled up, the publick Cause would 
suffer by an absolute Dependance upon so doubtful an Event, 

unless 



1 775-] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 25 

unless some Provision is made against such a Disappoint- 
ment. 

It requires no military Skill to judge of the Difficulty of 
introducing proper Discipline & Subordination into an Army 
while we have the Enemy in View, & are in daily Expectation 
of an Attack, but it is of so much Importance that every Effort 
will be made which Time & Circumstance will admit. In the 
mean Time I have a sincere Pleasure in observing- that there 
are Materials for a good Army, a great number of able 
bodied, Men active zealous in the Cause & of unquestionable 
courage. 

I am now Sir, to acknowledge the Receipt of your Favour 
of the 28''' Inst, inclosing the Resolutions of the Congress of 
the 27'*" ult. & a Copy of a Letter from the Committee of 
Albany, to all which I shall pay due Attention. 

General Gates & Sullivan have both arrived in good 
Health. My best Abilities are at all Times devoted to the 
Service of my Country, but I feel the Weight Importance & 
variety of my present Duties too sensibly, not to wish a more 
immediate & frequent Communication with the Congress. I 
fear it may often happen in the Course of our present Opera- 
tions, that I shall need that Assistance & Direction from them 
which Time & Distance will not allow me to receive. 

Since writing the above, I have also to acknowledge your 
Favour of the 4'^ Inst, by Fessenden, and the Receipt of the 
Commission & Articles of War. The Former are yet 800 
short of the number required, this deficiency you will please 
supply as soon as you conveniently can. Among the other 
Returns, I have also sent one of our killed, wounded & missing 
in the late Action, but have been able to procure no certain 
Account of the Loss of the ministerial Troops, my best Intel- 
ligence fixes it at about 500 killed and 6 or 700 wounded ; 
but it is no more than Conjecture, the utmost Pains being 
taken on their side to conceal it. 

P. S. Having ordered the commanding Officer to give 
me the earliest Intelligence of every Motion of the Enemy, by 
Land or Water, discoverable from the Heighths of his Camp, 

I this 



26 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [Jii-V, 



I this inst., as I was closing my Letter received the enclosed 
from the Brigade Major.'^' The Design of this Manuoevre I 
know not, perhaps it may be to make a Descent some where 
along the Coast; it may be for New York, or it may be prac- 
tised as a Deception on Us. I thought it not improper how- 
ever to mention the matter to you. I have done the same to 
the commandinor Officer at New York, & I shall let it be 
known to the Committee of Safety here, so that the Intelli- 
gence may be communicated as they shall think best along 
the Sea Coast of this Government. 

Sent by Alexander who set out the 1 1"' July about 5 o Cloek P. M. 
[Read before Congress 19 July.] 



[ Enxlosure No. i. ] 
Letters, of Washington. F. Vol. \,f. I ; Continental Congress, N'o. 1^2, f. 21. 

COUNCIL OF WAR. 

At a Council of War held at Head Quarters, Cambridge July 9, 1775. 
Present Plis Excell>' General Washington 

Generals Ward Puttnam Heath Gates 

Lee Thomas Green 

The General laid before the Council a Letter from M'' Warren, President of the Congress 
of Massachusetts Bay inclosing a Letter from M"' Gerry at Marble Head, dated July 8, 1775. 

1. A (Question was then proposed & considered viz. What is the supposed Number of the 
Enemy near & in Boston, including the Troops formerly & lately arrived & those expected 
hourly, the Tories who may take Arms, the Sailors who may be spared from the Fleet & the 
Negroes : Upon which it was agreed that from the best Intelligence the Force on the Side of 
the Enemy now amounts to Eleven thousand five hundred Men. 

2. It was then proposed & considered 

Whether it is expedient to keep & defend the Posts at present occupied or to retire 
farther back in the country? 
Upon which it was unanimously determined that the publick Service requires the De- 
fence of the present Posts. 

3. His Excell> then proposed to the Consideration of the Council 

What Number of Troops may be necessary for the present Service in & near Boston, 
to defend the Posts already occupied against the Force supposed to be employed 
, against Us ? 
Upon which it was agreed, that the Army for the above Purpose ought to consist of at 
least 22,000 Men. 

4. As it appears by the Returns now made that the Number of effective Men is far short 
of the above Estimate a (Question was proposed, viz. 

In what Manner this Deficiency should be supplied? 
And it was unanimously agreed that it ought to be done by sending an Officer from each 
Company in the Forces raised in Massachusetts Bay to recruit the Regiments to which they 
respectively belong to the Establishment fixed by the Provincial Congress (the Colonies of 

*Marked tuissing in Continental Congress No. 169, y. 391. 

Rhode 



I775-] 



WASHINGTON TAPERS. 



27 



Rhode Island & Connecticut being already engaged in recruiting). And that in the mean 
Time his ExcelP' the General do apply to the Provincial Congress of this Province for their 
Assistance in procuring a temporary Re-inforcement subject to the same military Rules as the 
Army now raised: Inasmuch as the present Extent of Lines, & great Probability of an early 
Attack renders such Re-inforcement indispensably necessary. 

5. As the Events of War are uncertain & a Want of a proper Rendezvous might in Case 
of any Misfortune occasion a Dissolution of the Army it was proposed to appoint a proper 
Place for this Purpose in Case our present Situation should not be tenable 

N. C. Agreed 

That the Welch jNIountains near Cambridge & in the Rear of Roxbury Lines was a 
suitable Place. 

6. A Question was proposed whether it is expedient to take Possession of Dorchester 
Point or to oppose the Enemy if they should attempt to possess it. 

Unanimously agreed in the Negative as to both.* 



[ Enclosure No. 2. ] 



The Number of those killed woimded & Missing in the Engagement on Bunker llilL- 



Killed. 

Col° Frye's Regiment 10 

Col" Littles Do 7 

Col" Brewers Do 12 

Col" Gridley Do o 

Col" Starks Do 15 

Col" Woodbridges Do o 

Col" Scammans Do o 

Col" Bridges Do 17 

Col" Whetcombs Do 5 

Gen' Wards Do i 

Col" Gerrishes Do 3 

Col" Reeds 3 

Col" Prescot's Do 43 & Missing. 

-Col" Doolittle's Do 6 & Missing. 

Col" Gardners Do o 

Col" Patterson Do o 

Col" Nixon Do 3 & Missing. 

Col" Mansfield Do 



Conneticutt , 



125 
13 



Wounded. 
38 
23 

22 

4 

45 

5 

2 

25 

8 

6 

5 
29 
46 

9 
7 
I 



Missing. 
4 



278 
26 



304 



7 
278 

125 
410 



* In the draft of this report contained in Letters of Washington, F, Vol. i, f. i, occur the following addi- 
tional paragraphs ; — 

7. That 10 Horses, with Bridles & Saddles, be provided in order to convey Intelligence from the Out 
Posts and Camps. 

S. That a Beacon be erected on Blue Hill. 



28 WASHINGTON P.\PERS. [Jily. 

Ldtirs of IVashiH^em. MtsceHamcuj. Vol. i. /' 12. 

TO WARREN. 

Head Quarters Cambridge July lo. 1775 
Sir. 

After much Ditticult}- & Delay I have procured such Re- 
turns of the State of the Army as will enable us to form a 
Judgment of its Strength. It is with great Concern I find it 
far inadequate to our general Expectations 6e the Duties which 
mav be required of it. The Xumber of Men fit for Dut}- on 
the Forces raised in this Province includinor all the Out Posts 
& Artiller\- does not amount to 9000. The Troops raised in 
the other Colonies are more complete but yet fall short of their 
Establishment. So that upon the whole I cannot estimate the 
present Army at more than 14.500 Men capable of Dut}-. I 
have the satisfaction to find the Troops both in Camp & 
Quarters ver\" healthy so that the Deficiency- must arise from 
the Regiments never having been filled up to the Establish- 
ment and the Xumber of Men on Furlow. But the former is 
by much the most considerable. Under all these circumstances 
I yesterday called a Council of \\ ar and enclosed I send you 
an Extract of our Determinations so far as they respect the 
Province of Massachusetts Bay. Your own Prudence will 
suggest the Xecessit)- of Secrecy on this Subject as we have 
the utmost Reason to believe the Enemy suppose our Xum- 
bers much oreater that thev are an Error which it is not our 
Interest to remove. 

The ereat Extent of our Lines & the Uncertainty- which 
may be the Point of Attack added to the Xecessit}- of imme- 
diate Support have induced me to order that Horses ready 
saddled should be kept at several Posts in order to bring the 
most earlv Intelligence of anv Movement of the Enemv. For 
this Purpose I should be glad that 10 Horses might be provided 
as soon as possible. 

As I am informed the Congress proposes to rise imme- 
diatelv I should be sflad to know what Committees are left or 
upon whom the executive Business devolves. 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 29 

Letters of Washington. ^liscellamaus. Vol. i. ''. I4. 

TO SCHUYLER. 

Cambridge July lo. 1775 
Sir 

I received your Favour of the i" Insr by Express from New 
York ; but as I am exceedincrlv hurried in makino- out mv 
Despatches for the Hon. Congress at Philadelphia it is not in 
my Power to answer it in so full a Manner as I wish. 

Notwithstanding Gov. Tr\ons plausible Behaviour I recom- 
mend it to vou to watch him narrowlv & as anv unluckv Change 
of Affairs on our Part may produce a Change in him of his 
present unexceptionable conduct, I expect \ou will on the first 
Appearance of such a Change pursue the Advice given in my 
last Letter. The like Advice I give you respecting General 
Haldiman who is supposed by some to have gone to New 
York with a Desicm to counteract us in that Province. The 
Commissions which have been forwarded to me are not suffi- 
cient to answer the Demand I have for them there beine at 
least 1000 Officers in this Department & not more than 500 
Commissions in my Possession. As you are so much nearer 
to Philadelphia than I am. I request you to apply to Congress 
for as many as you are like to want. 

The dispersing Hand Bills amongst the Troops at Xew 
York has my most heart\- Approbation & may have a good 
Effect here. Our Enemies have attempted nothing against us 
since my Arrival here — they are strongly posted on Bunkers 
Hill & are still busy in throwing up additional AVorks. We 
have thrown up several Lines & Redoubts between Mystick 
River & Dorchester Point to prevent their making Way into 
the Countr}- and in a few Days shall be well prepared to re- 
ceive them in Case a Sortiee is attempted. I sincerely thank 
you for your Attention to the Directions of the Congress and 
for your kind Wishes. 

P. S. I Herewith enclose a Report this Minute received 
from the Camp at Dorchester. The Design of this Manouvre 
I am at a Loss to know, but suppose it ma}' be intended as a 
Diversion to our Forces here. It however behooves you to 
keep a good Lookout to prevent any Surprize your Way. 



;0 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [Jvly, 



[ Orders. ] 

Head Quarters, Cambridge, July loth 1775 
Parole Frederick Counter-sign. Gloucester. 

The ( leneral Court Martial of which Col William Prescott was president, having tried 
WilUam Pattin of Col Gridley"s regiment, and found him guilty of " threatening and abusing 
a number of persons, when prisoner in the Quarter Guard:" The Court sentence the prisoner 
to ride the wooden Horse htteen minutes. The General approves the sentence, and orders it 
to be put in execution at the head of the regiment. 

David Wells Soldier in Col Gridley"s Regim' tried by the abovementioned General Court 
Martial for '' sleeping upon his post when sentn,," is acquitted by the court. 

No non Commissioned Officer, or Soldier, but such as are guilty of capital Offences : to 
be confin'd in the Main Guard ; All those guilty of crimes triable by a Regimental Court 
Martial, to be sent to the Quarter Guards of their respective Corps, to be tried by Regimental 
Court martial. The General Court Martial, whereof Col William Prescott is president, to set 
again this day at the usual hour: All Evidences and Persons concerned to attend the court. 
AMienever a General Court Martial is ordered, it is expected that the Evidences and persons 
by whom the prisoners are confin'd, do punctually attend to support the accusation, as they 
will answer the contrary at their peril. 

The Colonels of the Massachusets regiments, to order one subaltern from each Company 
in their respective Corps, forthwith upon the recruiting sersice ; proper Instructions will be 
given by the Adjutant General to the Officers ordered upon that service. They will therefore 
call at Head (Quarters, as soon as possible to receive their Instructions. The General recom- 
mends it to the Colonels to send active and vigilant ( Jfficers upon this ser\-ice, and those who 
are most in esteem with people in the District they are sent to recruit in. 



Head Quarters, Cambridge, July ii'*": 1775 
Parole, Guilford. Counter-Sign, Hartford 

The Court Martial of which Col William Prescott was president is dissolved. A General 
Court Martial to be assembled at Cambridge, as soon as possible, to \.rs such prisoners as shall 
be brought before them : All Evidences, and persons concern'd to attend the court. 

The General understanding there is a bad Custom prevailing, of the Xon- Commissioned 
Officers and soldiers absenting themselves from Guard, under pretence of going for Provisions ; 
It is therefore orderid, that all Officers and Soldiers, bring their provision to the Guard they 
mount, and on no pretence quit their Guard, untill it is regularly dismissed. 

Notwithstanding the orders of the provincial Congress, some persons are so daring as to 
supply the .Soldiers with immoderate Quantities of Rum, and other spiritous Liquors ; any 
Sutler, Tavern-keeper, or licenced Innholder, who shall presume after the date of this order, 
to sell to any non-commissioned Officer, or Soldier, an.y spiritous liquor whatsoever, without 
an Order in writing, from the Captain of the company to which such non-Commissioned Officer 
and Soldier belongs; he ot they so offending, may expect to be severely punished. 

Lieu': Col Ward president of the Court Martial. 



Letters of Washington. B, Vol. i, /. -. 

FROM GENERAL GATE.S TO GENERAL THOM.\S. 

Head Qu.a.rters at Cambridge 12'^ July 1775. 
Sir 

I am commanded by the General in Chief to acquaint you, that he is ex- 
ceedingly desirous to draw the Body of the Troops posted at Roxbury, as 
near, and as Compactly together for the Defence of the several Works as the 
nature of the Ground and the Conveniency of covering them will admit; & 
to that End, the General wishes you would inform Him what Tents, sails, or 
Boards, may be wanted to cover the Men, and they shall be forthwith Sup- 
plied from hence. I have it also in command from the General, to recom- 
mend it to you, to have the Houses removed out of the Street at Roxbury, 

as 



1775-1 WASHINGTON PAPERS. 



as they may Cover & Facilitate the Approach of the Enemy. The Gene- 
ral Further Directs me to desire that you will exert your utmost Vigilance to 
get your several Works Finish'd &: Compleated, your Lines closed, and par- 
ticularly the Abbati, and the platforms immediately lay'd. as we are much 
in want of Boats for Mystic and Cambridge Rivers, you will as soon as pos- 
sible send Two for each of these Rivers to the Head Quarters at Cambridge. 
With great esteem Sir I am, 

Your most Obedient Humble Servant 

Horatio Gates. 



Letters to Washington. Vol.6. /. 128. 

FROM NICHOLAS COOKE. 

Providen'Ce July 12'''. 1775 

Sir, 

I beg Leave to congratulate your Excellency upon your being appointed 
General of the Armies of the L'nited Colonies ; which hath given sincere 
Pleasure to every Friend of America, and will I hope prove glorious to your- 
self, and be attended with essential Advantages to your Country. 

The General Assembly of this Colony have the deepest Sense of the 
Necessity of a strict Union, and the most vigorous Efforts, of the Colonies 
to preserve them from unlimited Servitude ; and their utmost Exertions in 
the common Cause may be depended upon. 

I also assure your Excellency that I shall give you every possible Assist- 
ance in my Power ; and that I am with very great Regard, Sir, 
Your Excellency's most obedient humble Servant, 

NicH"'^ Cooke. 



Letters to Washington. Vol.6. /'. 130. 

FROM EDMUND PENDLETON. 

Phila. July 12* 1775. 
Dear General 

My freind M^ George Baylor will be the bearer of this, who has caught 
such a Military Ardor as to travel to the Camp for instruction in that Art. 
I beg leave to recommend him to your Countenance & Favor, not only on 
Account of his worthy Father, but from my opinion of his own Merit. He 
is a Lieutan' in our independent Company & has gained great Applause there 
by his diligent attention to the duties of his Office «5c the bravery he has 
indicated ; Be so obliging as to make my compl^^ to Gen'. Lee, Gen'. Gates, 
Maj^ Mifflin & ]NP. Griffin t\: intreat their countenance and assistance to 
him also. 

We are hourly in Expectation of hearing from you ; We yesterday voted 
an additional C". of Rifflemen to go from this Province to gratifie one that 
was raised & impatient to come to you. we have also consented to employ 
a German Hussar who is to raise his 50 men & come to the Camp. 

We 



WASHINGTON PAPERS. [K'ly, 



We have heard you remain quiet, except some Cannon shot exchanged 
between Roxbury iS: Boston. You have my most cordial wishes for success 
in every undertaking, who have the Hon' to be with great esteem 
D' S' V mo. Ob' hble Serv' 

Edmd Pendleton 



[ Order. ] 

Head Qiarters, Cambridgr, July 12"': 1775 
Parole, Falmouth. CSign, Worcester. 

The Adjutant General will deliver at orderly time, a certain number of printed returns, to 
the Adjutant of each regiment ; so that no excuse can for the future be admitted, for not mak- 
ing regular and exact Returns when demanded; as it is only filling up the Blanks, with the 
Numbers proper to be placed in them. The Commander in Chief will not for the future, 
admit of anv palliative for making a false return, and is resolved, to bring any Officer of what 
Rank soever, to a Court Martial who is found delinquent. 

\Mien any Trumpeter, or Flagg of Truce, is sent from Boston, or any Post occupied by 
the Enemy : they are to be stop'd by the first Sentr}- they are permitted to approach, who is to 
call for the Serjeant of the Guard, who will conduct them to the Officer of his guard, and such 
Trumpeter, or Flagg of Truce, is not to be allowed to stir one step beyond that Guard. The 
Officer commanding the Guard, will send any Letters or Messages brought from the enemy, 
immediately to the Commander in Chief, and no other person. 

A General Court Martial of the Line to sit at Head Quarters, in Cambridge, to morrow 
morning at Nine OClock, to xxs Col Scammons of the Massachusetts Forces accused of " Back- 
wardness in the execution of his dutj-, in the late Action upon Bunkers-hill" — The Adjutant 
of Col Scammons regiment, to warn all Evidences, and persons concem'd to attend the court. 
Col Nixon president of the above court. 



Letters to Washington. Vol.6. /• 131. 

FRO.M JONATHAN TRUMBULL. 

Lebanon 13"' July 1775. 
Sir. 

Suffer me to join in Congratulating you, on your appointment to be Gen- 
eral and Commander in Chief of the Troops raised or to be raised for the 
Defence of American Liberty. 

Men who have tasted of Freedom, and who have felt their personal 
Rights, are not easily taught to bear with encroachments on either, or 
brought to submit to oppression. Virtue ought always to be made the 
Object of Government ; Justice is firm and permanent. 

His Majesty's Ministers have artfully induced the Parliament to join in 
their Measures, to prosecute the dangerous and increasing Difference between 
Great Britain and these Colonies with Rigour and Military Force : whereby 
the latter are driven to an absolute necessity to defend their Rights and 
Properties by raising Forces for their Security. 

The Honorable Congress have proclaimed a Fast to be Observed by the 

Inhabitants of all the English Colonies on this Continent, to stand before 

the Lord in one Day, with public Humiliation, Fasting and Prayer, to deplore 

our many sins, to offer up our joint supplications to God, for forgiveness, and 

for His merciful Interposition for us in this Day of unnatural Darkness and 

Distress. 

They 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. T^^ 

They have with one united voice appointed you to the high station you 
possess. The supream Director of all Events hath caused a wonderful Union 
of Hearts and Counsells to subsist amongst us. 

Now therefore be strong and very courageous. May the God of the 
Armies of Israel, shower down the blessings of His Divine Providence on 
You, give you Wisdom and Fortitude, cover )our Head in the Day of Battle 
and Danger, add Success, convince our Enemies of their mistaken measures, 
and that all their attempts to deprive these Colonies of their inestimable 
constitutional Rights and Liberties are injurious and Vain. 
I am, with great Esteem &: Regard Sir 

Your most Obedient humble Servant 

ToN^" : Trumbull 



[ Order. ] 

He.\d QiARTERs, Cambridge, July 13"" 1775 
Parole, Geoi-gia. Counter Sign, HmitingJon. 

As the Army will be forthwith formed into Brigades : The Adjutant General will at r)rderly 
Time this day, deliver to the Adjutant of each Regiment, a number of printed Returns, one 
of which, must be immediately fill'd up, and signed by the Commanding Officer of each regi- 
ment, and sent as soon as possible, to the Adjutant General by the Adjutant of each Regiment; 
on the Back of the Return, it will be necessary to mention ; where and in what manner, the 
regiment is at present posted. 

The Commanding Officer at Chelsea, is as soon as possible, after the receipt of this order, 
to direct, all the Cattle, upon puUein point, Shirley f>oint, and the intermediate space between 
powder horn-hill and the Sea, to be driven off; and it is recommended to the Commissar)- 
General to endeavour to agree with the Owners of the said Cattle, and to purchase them for 
the use of the Armv. 



Letters of Washington. Miscellaiieous. Vol. 1, f. 15; Transcript A. Wol. i, /'I2; Con- 
tinental Congress, Xo. ij2, f. 27 ; A''o. i6g, f. 4. 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS. 

Camp Cambridge July 14 1775. 
Sir 

Since I did myself the Honour of addressing you the lo'^ 
inst' nothing material has happened in the Camp. From 
some authentick & later Advices of the State of the Ministerial 
Troops & the great Inconvenience of calling in the Militia in 
the midst of harvest. I have been induced for the present to 
waive it ; but in the mean Time recruitino- Parties have been 
sent throughout this Province to till up the Regiments to the 
Establishment of the Provincial Congress. At the same Time 
that I received these Advices, I also obtained a List of the 
Officers of the Enemy killed and wounded in the late Battle 

at 

w. p. 3. 



34 



WASHINGTON PAPERS. 



[Jri.Y, 



at Charles Town which I take this Opportunity to inclose. 
The great Scarcity of fresh Provisions in their Army has led 
me to take every Precaution to prevent a Supply, for this Pur- 
pose I have ordered all the Cattle & Sheep to be drove from 
the low Grounds & Parms within their Reach. A Detach- 
ment from General Thomas's Camp on Wednesday Night 
went over to Long Island & brought from thence 20 Cattle 
& a number of Sheep with about 15 Labourers who had been 
put on by a M"^ Ray Thomas, to cut the Hay &'' By some 
Accident they omitted burning the Hay & returned the next 
Day at noon to complete it ; which they effected amidst the 
Firing of the Shipping with the Loss of one man killed & 
another Wounded. 

Last Evening also a Party of the Connecticut men stroll'd 
down on the Marsh at Roxbury & fired upon a centry, which 
drew on a heavy Fire from the Enemy's Lines & Floating 
Batteries, but attended with no other Effect than the Loss of 
one killed by a Shot from the Enemy's Lines. In the mean 
Time we are on both sides continuino- our Works, but there 
has been no other movement, than what I have noticed above. 
I shall endeavour to give a regular & particular Account of 
all Transactions as they occur, which you will please to lay 
before the Hon' Congress. 

Senf bv Mr. liassenclever. 



[ Enclosuke. ] 

Roxbury July ii*'^ 1775. 
A true Account of the Officers of the Ministerial Troops killed & wounded at the Battle 
of Charlestown June 17. 1775 

Capt Fitzgerald W 

Parsons W 

I ,ieut Pettigrue W 

Hamilton W 

Verner (since dead) K 

Lieut Bruce K 

Ensign I leskctt W 

Richardson W 

Col" Lieut' Ambacrumby K 

Capt ISIackney W 

Lieut Cockran .' W 

Beck with W 

Lenthall W 

35th Reg 



4**' Regt Capt Balfour W 10 R' 

West W 

Lieut Barm W 

Brown W 

5 Reg Maj'' Mitchell W 

Capt Dovvnes K 14 Reg 

Jackson W 

Manden W 1 8 Reg 

Lieut Crocker W 

Clintock W 

Ensign Charlton W 

Balaguire W 



I775-] 



WASHINGTON PAPERS. 



35 



35 Reg Capt Lyon K 

Drew (since dead) K 

Lieut Campbell W 

Bard K 

Messey W 

38 Reg Maj-- Brull W 

Capt Boyd W 

Cocker W 

Lieut Button K 

Cherystie W 

Capt House W 

Lieut Myers W 

Lewney W 

Maj'' Shork died of ye wound... K 

Quarter Af Mitchell W 

Ensign Mitchell W 

43 f^^g Ju^y <^'sd Maj'' Spendlowe K 

Capt McKenzie K 

Lieut Roberttain W 

Dalrymple W 

47 Reg Maj'' Smith W 

England W 

Craigie W 

Alcock W 

Lieut Gold W 

Willard K 

Lieut England W 

Helyer K 

52 Reg Maj'' Williams K 

Maj'' Maddison K 

Smith K 

Willson W 

Lieut Thompson W 

Crawford W 

Higgins W^ 

Ensign Cletwignd W 

Grami (since dead) K 



Maj^ 
Capt 



Sg"* Reg Lieut Haynes W 

62'i Rt Capt Horsford W 

FoUier W 

Lieut Dalrymple K 

65 Reg Capt Hudgeon K 

Sinclair W 

Lieut Paxton W 

Smith W 

Haler W 

67 Reg Capt Shamoin Aid de Camp to 

General Howe K 



Maj'' Pitcairn K 

Capt Campbell K 

Ellis K 

Logan W 

Chudligh W 

Johnson W 

Lieut Pitcairn W 

Fenneg K 

Gardner K 

Shea K 

Brisbai n W 

Avennie W 

' Rag W 

Dyer W 

ARTILLERY. 

Capt Leomine W 

Huddleston W 

Lieut Shutelsworth W 

Campbell W 

Kill'd & wounded 92 



Most of those Officers are mortally wounded, in the whole of the Field Officers — 3 killed 
& 4 wounded. Captains 8 killed & 25 wounded. Lieut Jordan of the Navy died of his 
Wound. 

A Gentleman who got out of Boston Monday July 10"' says that the Inhabitants were 
numbered & amounted to 6573 The Soldiers — women & Children, to 13600 — 300 Tories 
are chosen to Patrole the streets, 49 of a night — Very Sickley from 10 to 30 funerals in a 
day, & no Bells allow'd to Toll, Master Lovell taken up & put in Goal, which being in conse- 
quence of some Letters found in Docf Warren's pockets ; — & Master Leach also. Released 
out of Goal. M'' Hunt saying that he wish'd the Americans might kill them all was confin'd 
in Goal. 1 1 dead of y*^ wounded prisoners at Charlestown. Coll" Parker dead, he having 
declared at his last hour, if he got well he would do y*^ same. 

The Officers saying Damn the Rebells that they wou'd not flinch. A Great number of 
floating batteries are building & 5 Transports & 3 Sloops are sail'd for Hay ^; Wood to the 
Eastward. 

This Gentleman also says that the Officers and Soldiers Triumph Very much at the 
Death of Docf Warren saying it is Better to them than five hundred Men. 



36 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 



9 



I Order. ] 

Head Quarters, Camhridge, July 14"' 1775 
Parole, Ilallifax. Counter Sign, Inverness. 

As the Health of an Army principally depends upon Cleanliness; it is recommended in 
the strongest manner, to the Commanding ( )fficer of Corps, Posts and Detachments, to be 
strictly diligent, in ordering the Necessarys to be filled up once a Week, and new ones dug; 
the streets of the encampments and Lines to be swept daily, and all ( )flal and Carrion, near 
the camp, to be immediately buried: The Officers commanding in Barracks, or (Quarters, to 
be answerable that they are swept every morning, and all Filth & l)irt removed from about 
the houses: Next to Cleanliness, nothing is more conducive to a Soldiers health, than 
dressing his provisions in a decent and proper manner: The Officers commanding Companies, 
should therefore daily inspect the Camp Kitchens, and see the Men dress their Food in a 
wholesome way. 

The Commanding Officers in those parts o^ the Lines and Redoubts, where the Pikes are 
placed, will order the (Quarter Masters of Corps to see the pikes greas'd twice a week; they 
are to be answerable also that the pikes are kept clean, and always ready and fit for service. 

The General ol)serving great remissness, and neglect, in the several Guards in and about 
the Camp, orders the Officers commanding any Guard to turn out his Cniard immediately upon 
the near approach of The Commander in Chief or any of the General ( )fficers, and upon passing 
the Guard; The Commander in Chief is to be received with rested Arms; the()fficer to 
salute and the Drums to beat a march. The Majors General with rested Arms, the Officer 
to salute and the Drums to beat two Ruffles. The P]rigadiers General with rested Arms, the 
Officer to salute and the I )rums to beat one Ruffle. — There being something awkward, as well 
as improper, in the (General Officers being stopp'd at the out-posts; ask'd for passes by the 
Sentries, and obliged often to send for the Officer of the (iuard (who it sometimes happens is as 
much unacquainted with the Persons of the Generals, as the private men) before they can pass in 
or out : It is recommended to both Officers and Men, to make themselves acquainted with the 
persons of all the Officers in General Command, and in the mean time to prevent mistakes : 
The General Officers and their Aids-de-Camp, will be distinguished in the following manner. 

The Commander in Chief by a light blue Ribband, wore across his breast, between his 
Coat and Waistcoat. . 

The Majors and Brigadiers General, by a Pink Ribband wore in the like manner. 

The Aids-de-Camp by a green ribband. 

The Court martial of which Col Ward is Pres'^'. is dissolved. 

Daniel Carmicle, Soldier in Col Pattersons Regiment, tried for " Disobedience of orders, 
for reinlisting and taking advance Money twice over, and for Drunkenness" is found guilty of 
the several Charges and ordered to be whipt on the bare back, with 39 Lashes, and discharged 
from the arm}'. The General approves the Sentence and orders it to be executed to morrow 
Morning, at the head of the Regiment he belongs to. 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 6, /. 133. 

FROM GENERAL SCHUYLER. 

Saratoga Jtily 15"', 1775. 
Dear Sir 

Since I did myself the Honor to write Your Excellency from New York 
nothing very material occurred until Yesterday, when I received the Inclosed 
Letters, the Accounts contained in that marked Number i * are truly alarm- 
ing in the present defenceless State of the Counties of Tryon and Albany, 
and Especially as the Assistance I can afford them either of Men or Money 
is next to nothing, the few Troops at Ticonderoga &c being at too great a 
Distance and not more than sufficient to guard the Posts they occupy. I 
should have been at Ticonderoga this Day had not the Information from 
Tryon County arrived, which may make my Presence there absolutely neces- 

* Printed as Enclosure No. 2. 

necessary. 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. T^J 

sary. If it should be confirmed, I therefore propose remaining here untill 
to-Morrow, when I hope to be farther informed. I wish I may be able to 
proceed to Ticonderoga as I am very much wanted there, the Greatest Con- 
fusion having taken Place in the Controversy between the Officers claiming 
the Command in that Quarter, some have taken the Liberty to disband 
Troops. Others refused to serve unless this or that particular Person Com- 
manded. The Sloop is left without either Captain or Pilot, both of which 
are dismissed or come away, much Provision wasted or embezzled, and on 
the Seventh instant only one Barrel of Flour at Ticonderoga. I shall have 
an Augean stable to clean there. 

I do Myself the Honor to inclose a Return of the Forces in this Colony. 
It is doubtless imperfect as I have been under a Necessity of forming it out 
of Returns which were evidently so. I hope soon to send you a more com- 
pleat one. 

Be assured my General that I shall use my best Endeavors to establish 
Order and Discipline in the Troops under my Command. I wish I could 
add that I had a prospect of much success in that way. It is extreamly diffi- 
cult to introduce a proper Subordination amongst a People where so little 
Distinction is kept up. 

Our Accounts of the Disposition of the Canadians and Canada Indians 
continue to be favorable, tho' the Intelligence is not very authentic. 
I am Your Excellency's 

Most Obed' & most Humble Serv' 

Ph : Schuyler 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 6, / 139. 

[ Enclosure No. i. ] 
FROM THE ALBANY COMMITTEE TO GENERAL SCHUYLER. 

Albany Committee Chamber July 14"' 1775 
Sir. 

You have inclosed copy of a Letter from the Committee of Tryon County 
to the Committees of Schenectady and Albany the contents whereof are 
very alarming and the more so as the people of that County are not provided 
with ammunition to defend themselves we shall forward the Letter to the 
Provincial Congress and would beg leave to suggest to you whether it will 
not be advisable to let the Company of Cap' Van Dyck (which we find you 
have ordered up to Lake George) March up the Mohawk river towards their 
Relief — x\nd as that Company has no ammunition (and we have here about 
three hundred weight) whether you will think it proper to furnish them from 
the store here and whether you will not think it necessary to send up some 
of the Remainder to furnish the Inhabitants 

As it is not possible to know how far this may be a Fact we would think 

it advisable to take some steps so as to keep up the spirits of the people of 

Tryon County 

In 



WASHINGTON PAPERS. ' [Jlly, 



In answer to your Letter of yesterday we inform you that we shall en- 
deavor to get the Carpenters as soon as possible 
We are Sir Your very Hum'' Servants 

By order of the Committee 

(Signed) Abm Yates Jun 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 6, /. 137. 

[ Enclositse Xo. 2. ] > 

C. D. YATES TO THE COMMITTEES OF SCHENECTADY AND ALBANY. 

Canotohary July 13"" 1775 
Gentlemen 

M'' Ebenezer Cox informed this board that M' Peter S. Dygert told this informant that he 
was informed by a person who we have reason to think has it from good authority that Coll 
Johnson was ready with eight or nine hundred Indians to make an invasion of this county 
that the same Indians were to be under the Command of Joseph Brandt and Walter Butler 
and that they were to fall on the inhabitants below the little falls in order to divide the people 
in two parts — and were to march yesterday or the day before. 

Cap' Jacob Klock informed this Board that this morning about an hour before day three 
Indians of Fort Hunter came to his House from Oswego in their way home that he was 
informed by a free negro man a ser\ant ol him that they each had a bag of powder on their 
horses that they staid about an hour and then went off in great haste — From these and other 
concomitant circumstances we have but too much reason to think it is true and that all our 
enemies in this county will appear in arms against us as soon as the Indians are nigh to us 
which from the above information we must expect in a few days. 

We have sent off a part)' of people by way of a scout to find out if possible the Rout of 
the Indians and to give us early intelligence. 

Our ammunition is so scant that we cannot furnish three hundred men so as to be able to 
make a stand against so great a number — In these deplorable circumstances we look up to 
you for Assistance both in men and ammunition to save this Country from slaughter and deso- 
lation which we beg you will not be backward to afford us as soon as possible. 

We have ordered some of our Companies up towards the little Falls who are to keep 
scoutintT parties out — And we intend to keep sitting untill such time as we can be convinced 
of our safetj. 

This is the more alarming to us as we shall be obliged in a few days to begin with our 
Harvests men are therefore absolutely necessary. 

We beg of you to forward this by express to Albany and Copies from there to the provin- 
cial Congress and to General Schuyler. 

M"^ Deygert was obliged to promise not to disclose the person's name who informed him 
of the above but be assured that the person is well acquainted with the Indians and therefore 
if found out is in great Danger. 

We are Gent \our most (Jbed' and verj- Hble Servants 

By order Chris D. Vates 

A true Copy 

(Signed) John Bay Seer' P. T. 



1775] 



WASHINGTON PAPERS. 



39 



[ Enxlosure No. 3. ] 

A getieral nionthlv Return of the Army of the Associated Colonies in the Colony of Neiu York 
under the Command of Major General Philip Schuyler. 



OFFICERS PRESENT. 









Commissioned 






Xon- 
commis- 
sioned. 


Rank & FUe. 


Regiments. 




V 

i 
3 

^3 


'5" 


"a 

a 




c 
= 

3 

"a. 
a 


3 


■r. 


V 

t/1 


£ 




•5 

u 


d 
s 
a. 
'•J 


5c 


3 

s 



1 




I 
I 
I 


I 
I 

I 


I 
I 


5 
7 
2 

2 
1 
I 
I 
4 


I 


II 
18 
10 
6 
2 
I 


6 
10 

S 
3 

I 
I 
I 

3 


26 
50 
24 
14 

5 

4 
2 

12 
I 

16 


9 
9 
14 
9 
3 
2 


12 
18 


481 

789 
406 

254 
80 

95 
36 
89 
23 
166 


9 
24 
15 

4 
6 


15 


576 


Colonel David Waterburj-'s 

Colonel Benjamin Hinman's 

Ditto 


929 
478 
293 

98 


Ditto 

Massachusetts Baj- Forces 








104 




4 
I 
8 






109 

25 
























4 




8 




203 










Total 


3 


3 


2 


27 


I 


61 


30 


154 


54 


30 


2419 


58 


15 


2857 







•6 


X 

a 


cs 


•d 
^> 

•2. 



2 


STAFF. 


Where 

Stationed. 


Regiments. 


■6 

a 


Total. 

Major General. 


Brigadier Generals. 
Brigade Majors. 
Aides de Camp. 


J 
7: 


■5 

0. 
a 




3 
en 


u 
a 

c 





5 
20 

7 


I 
I 


28 
10 
10 

I 


I 
582 


2 I 

1 


2 


I " 








7 
586 Xew York. 






I 


I 


2 














982 Ditto. 
495 Ticonderoga. 




405 ' . .. 


































303 Crow-npoint. 




3 




















102 Landing. 




* 
















104 Fort George. 

40 Ticonderoga. 
109 Crownpoint. 

25 Fort George. 
205 Ditto. 


























































25 

























Total 


1 








1 
















4 


35 


2 


49 


2947 I 


^ 


I 


2 


I 


I I 1 2 295S 



Brigadier Generals, Richard Montgomery-, David Wooster, Esq"" 
Brigade Major, Dimon. 

Aids de Camp, John Macpherson, James Van Rensselaei. 
Secretarj-, Richard Varick. 

JlLV 15'h, 1775, 



Ph: Schl"vler 



40 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July 

[Orders.] 

Head Quarters Cambridge, July 15'^ i775- 
Parole, Virginia. Counter Sign, Maryland. 

The Colnmanding Officers of each Regiment to report the Names of such Men in their 
respective Corps as are most expert in the management of whale boats. - 

When any Commission'd or non Commission'd Officer is sent upon any Detachment or 
Duty of f loner, or Fatigue, or to see the execution of any particular work : He is, so soon as 
the Service is performed to make a Report thereof to his commanding officer. 

It bemg found advantageous to the puV)lic Service, to lemove sundry horn'd Cattle and 
Sheep, from the Ground upon which they were grazing near Chelsea, (to prevent their falling 
into the Enemy's hands) it is earnestly recommended to the several Commissaries, to purchase, 
such of them, as are fit for Slaughter, of the Owners, in Order that they may suffer the least 
loss possible, from the unavoidable necessity of removing them, from the rapacious claws of 
our enemies. 

Col Gridley, Chief Engineer, is desired to report what chevaux-de-Frise are made, and 
what forwardness those are in, that are now making — It is necessary those upon hand are 
compleated without delay. 

Notwithstanding the Orders aheady given, the (ieneral hears with astonishment, that not 
only Soldiers, but Officers unauthorized, are continually conversing with the Officers and 
Sentrys of the Enemy any Officer Non Commissioned Officer or Soldier, or any Person what- 
soever, who is detected holding any Conversation, or carrying on any Correspondence with 
any of the Officers or Sentrys of the advanc'd posts of the enemy, will be immediately brought 
before a (general Coirrt Martial, and punished with the utmost severity. The General is alone 
to judge of the propriety of any intercourse with the enemy and no one else is to presume to 
interfere. 

The Chief Engineer, Col Gridley, to order an Engineer and a Field Officer of Artillery, 
to go round the Lines and Redoubts, to examine if the Guns are placed properly in the Em- 
brassures; and if the Embrassures are properly made, and properly sloped towards the country. 
The Engineer and Artillery Officer, to report to the Commander in Chief, as soon as they have 
obeyed this order. 



Head Qu.'Vrters, Cambridge, July 16"': 1775 
Parole, Carolina. Counter sign, Springfield. 

The Continental Congress having earnestly recommended, that " Thursday next the 20"' 
Instant, be observed by the Inhabitants of all the english Colonies upon this Continent; as a 
Day of public Humiliation, Fasting and Prayer; that they may with united Hearts & Voice, 
unfeinedly confess their Sins before God, and supplicate the all wise and merciful disposer of 
events, to avert the Desolation and Calamities of an unnatural War:" The General orders, that 
Day to be religiously observed by the Forces under his Command, exactly in manner directed 
by the proclamation of the Continental Congress : It is therefore strictly enjoin'd on all Officeis 
and Soldiers, (not upon duty) to attend Divine Service, at the accustomed places of worship, 
as well in the Dines, as the Encampments and Quarters; and it is expected, that all those 
who go to worship, do take their Arms, Ammunition and Accoutrements, & are prepared for 
immediate Action if called upon. If in the Judgment of the Officers, the Works should appear 
to be in such forwardness as the utmost security of the Camp requires, they will command their 
men to abstain from all Labour upon that solemn day, 

It was with much surprise and concern that the General in passing along the New Hamp- 
shire Lines yesterday, observed a most wanton, mischevious, and unprofitable Abuse of prop- 
erty, in the Destruction of many valuable Trees, which were standing along the side of the 
road, out of the way of our works or guns, he therefore orders, that an effective stop be put to 
such practices for the future, or severe punishment will fall upon the Transgressors of this 
order. 

William Palfrey F'sri' is appointed Aid-de-Camp to Major General I-ee, all Orders whether, 
written, or verbal, coming from General Lee, and delivered by Cap' Palfrey, are to be punc- 
tually obeyed. 

A particular Return to be deliver'd to the Adjutant General to morrow, at Orderly time, 
of the Regiment of Artillery, distinguishing how every man and Officer, in that Corps, is at 
present employed, and where posted. 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 4 1 



Letters of IVashingtoit. Miscellaneous. Vol. i,y. 17- • 

COL. REED TO GENERAL THOMAS. 

Head Quarters July 17. 1775. 
Sir. 

Col. Palmer yesterday waited on the General with an Information that a 
small Sloop or Schooner lay down below your Incampment in such a Situa- 
tion as to make an Attack upon her practicable. I am directed by his 
Excell^ to request you would particularly inform yourself of her Circum- 
stances, & if upon the whole you judge it likely to be attended with Success 
& the Risque not too great you would attempt her — In this your own Prudence 
& good Judgment must govern — Should it succeed you will please to give 
very particular Orders about any Powder that may be on Board as you are 
not unacquainted with our Necessities in this particular — I understand from 
his Excell^' that he expects Col. Palmer will wait on you with an Account of 
what Particulars have come to his Knowledge. I am &c 



By his Excels command. 
[This Letter was not sent in consequence of subseq' Information.] 



J. Reed. 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 6, f. 144. 

FROM JONATHAN TRUMBULL. 

Lebanon 17"" July 1775. 
Sir. 

On the first Instant I met the Hon''''^ Assembly of this Colony to delib- 
erate on the Request and pressing Reasons sent us from the Massachusetts 
for an imediate Augmentation of Troops from this Colony Our Assembly 
agreed to augment with two Regiments of 700 Men each, who are now rais- 
ing to join the Continental Army It was wished that we could have had the 
Advice & Direction of the Congress or your Excellency before we took this 
Step, but thought the present critical Scituation of our affairs would not 
admit the Delay of obtaining it Since your Arrival at Camp before Boston, 
View and Consideration, of their Scituation &: Circumstances, shall gladly 
be advised & shall attend your Request for the hastening and Marching 
the Men. 

There are 1391 Barrels of Flour come to the Care of Col° Jed*" Hunt- 
ington at Norwich for the Use of the Army which I have ordered forward 
the busy Season with the Farmers renders its speedy Transportation difficult, 
please to advise of the Need of Hurry, & where it shall be ordered to be de- 
livered. 

Our Assembly supplied Maj' General Schuyler with ^15,000 in Cash and 
40 half Bbs of another Necessary Article. Accounts from the Northward 
are favourable The Brig Nancy, Thomas Daviss Master, which arrived at 

Stonington 



42 WASHIXGTOX PAPERS. [JvLY, 

Stonington with Molasses is removed to Norwich, she hath on Board 1 8, or 
19,000 Gall-, the Comittee of Inspection &: Correspondence. I trust, will 
take proper Care respecting both Vessell «jc Cargoe. 

The Road by my Door being the nearest for Post Riding from Cambridge 
to Philadelphia, shall be obliged, whenever your Excellency has Occasion to 
send to that City, if the Rider may be directed this Way & to call on me, 
for the Convenience of any Dispatches I may have Occasion to forsvard by 
him Fesserufen has passed this Way more than once. 

I am, with great Esteem and Regard, Sir 

Your obedient, and most humble Servant, 

Jox™: Trumbull 
[Answered July 21.] 



Letters to IVashinoton. Vol. 109, /■ ~9- 

FROM THE COMMITTEE OF PORTSMOUTH. 

Committee Hall Portsm' X Hamp^ July 17''' 1775. 
Mav it Please Your Excellency 

I am directed by the Committee of Safet\" for this Town to Inclose your 
Excellency an authenticated copy* of a vote pass'd by them for Preventing 
the admission of our Inhabitants into the Camp, upon speculation, without a 
recommendation or pass first had and obtained from them, Their Induce- 
ment to this measure arises from Fears that some may be too freely and in- 
cautiously admitted who are suspected of a want of that attachment & cor- 
diality to our Cause, that we have a right to expect from those who are 
indulged with ever}" priviledge in common with us all. We flatter ourselves 
Your Excellency will give such Orders as you may judge most Expedient or 
conducive to answer the purposes of this Yote. 

But we cannot take leave of your Excellency, without presuming to 
present our Complements of congratulation, on Your appointment to the 
Chief Command of the United American Army. We therefore beg leave to 
be indulged in our Expressions of the most unfeigned gratitude for your 
acceptance of that important Trust, a Trust the more Honourable because 
committed to you by the Suffrages of a Free People, for the Defence of their 
Sacred Rights &: Priviledges, and Yoxir acceptance must be the more pleasing 
to Us, because by that We are able to discern your Love for America, when 
we see you hazarding your life in the Field, unmindfull and regardless of 
ever}- danger you are exposed to in our unnatural Contest with the British 
ministr}- ; when we consider ourselves as the Objects of your attention, and 
the Alacrity with which you have as it were flown to our relief, to protect us 
from the relentless ravages of a Merciless Enemy; We are filled with the 
deepest sense of Gratitude for this extraordinary Instance of your Regard, 
but above all, when We consider your Excellency's Great Military Skill, 

* Missing. 

together 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 43 

together with your many Virtues, that justly characterizes you an accom- 
plish'd Gentleman, We cannot but pride ourselves in seeing Our Friends 
who compose the American Army under the Command of so Great a 
General. 

Give us leave to add our Wishes that Your Excellency may be so happy 
as to Obtain the blessings of Divine Providence in all your Movements, & 
that those respectable Gentlemen, who are imployed vrith you in the same 
honourable Service, may reap the Laurels of Victory here, and hereafter 
Crowns of Glory that fade not away. 

I am in behalf of the Committee 

. Your Excellencys Most Obed' Hble Ser\-^ 

H. Wextworth Chairman. 



[Order.] 

Hvuld quarters, Cambridge, July 17* 1775 
Parole Bostou Counter Sign, Salem. 

There is reason to apprehend, that the General orders are not regularly publi3hed, to the 
Xon Commissioned Officers A; Soldiers of the army; as pleading Ignorance of Orders, will 
not for the future be admitted in excuse of any delinquency : It is once more ordered, that the 
Adjutants of the several Corps, will be exact in seeing the Orders, read ever}- evening to the 
Men off duty, of their respective Corps, as they may depend upon answering, before a Court 
Martial, for any neglect in obeying this order. 

The General Court Martial whereof Col John Nixon is president, to sit again to morrow 
morning at eight oClock, to try such prisoners, as shall be brought before them ; all E^^dences, 
and persons concern'd to attend the court. 

There being a great Neglect in sending in the Returns to the Adjutant General, as directed 
by the General Orders of Friday last: (especiallj- firom the Regiments posted in, and near 
Roxbun,). The General assures Commanding Officers of Corps, from whom the Returns are 
expected, that he will not for the future, pass over the slightest Neglect, in sending Returns 
to Head Quarters, at the Time directed by the General Orders; if there is any remissness in 
the Adjutants, the Colonels will confine the Transgressors. 

AFTER ORDERS. 

Cap' Benjamin Perkins of Col Little's Regiment, confined by Col Doolittle, for assisting 
and abetting Soldiers to mutiny, in rescuing a prisoner from the Quarter Guard of Col Doo- 
littles Regiment, is to be tried to morrow morning, by the Court Martial whereof Col. Nixon 
is President; all Evidences and Persons concern'd, to attend the court. 



Letters of Washington. Miscellaneous. Vol. i,/ iS. 

TO GOV. TRUMBULL. 

Camb. July 1 8, 1775. 
Sir 

It is with no small Concern that I hnd the Arrano-em' of 
General Officers made by the Hon. Continental Congress has 
produced much Dissatisfaction. As the Army is upon a 
General Establishment their Right to supersede & controul 

a provincial 



44 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 

a provincial one must be unquestionable, & in such a Cause 
I should hope every Post would be deemed honourable which 
gave a Man Opp^' to serve his Country. 

A Representation from the Congress of this Province 
with such remarks as occur'd to me on this Subject is now 
before the continental Conoress. In the mean Time I bepf 
Leave to assure you that unbyassed by any private Attach- 
ments I shall studiously endeavour to reconcile their Preten- 
cions to their Duty, & so dispose them as to prevent as far as 
possible any Inconvenience to the publick Service from this 
Competition. 

Letters to IVas/iins^^foit. Vol. 89,/ 8. 

[In Congress.*] 

Thursday July 17. 1775 
Resolved That for the Establishment of an Hospital for an Army consisting of 20,000 
Men, the following Officers and other Attendants be appointed, with the following Allowance 
& pay. 

I Director General & Chief Physician, his pay 4 Dollars p"' Day. 

4 Surgeons, p"' day each 1 1^ D" 

I Apothecary ij^ D" 

20 Mates, each p' Day % D° 

1 Clerk...., 2/3 D" 

2 Storekeepers 4 Dollars p'' month 

I Nurse to every 10 Sick 1-15 of a dollar p"" day, or 2 dollars per month 
Labourers occasionally. 

THE DUTY OF THE ABOVE OFFICERS, VIZ 

Director & Chief Physician to furnish Medicines, bedding & all other necessaries, to pay 
for the same, superintend the whole, & to make his report to, & receive orders from the com- 
mander in chief. 

Surgeons, Apothecaries & Mates, To visit & attend the Sick, & the Mates to obey the orders 
of the Physician, Surgeons & Apothecary. 

Matron to superintend the Nurses, Bedding &c. Nurses, to attend the Sick and obey the 
Matrons orders. 

Clerk to belong to the Director. & Store Keeper. 

Store keeper to receive and deliver the bedding & other necessaries by order of the director. 

Extract from the Minutes. 

Cha^ Thomson Sec'"^ -' 

Resolved that the Appointment of the four Surgeons & Apothecary be left to the Director 
General & Chief Physician. 

That the Mates be appointed by the Surgeons, & that the Number do not exceed twenty; & 
that the Number be not kept in constant pay, unless the sick & wounded should be so numerous, 
as to require the attendance of twenty, and to be diminished as Circumstances will admit, for 
which purpose the pay is fixed by the day, that they may only receive pay for actual Service. 

That the Clerk, Store Keepers, & Nurses be appointed by the Director. 

Extract from the Minutes. 

Cii* Thomson Sec^y 

By Order of the Congress 

John Hancock Presid' 

*I am in some doubt about this MS. The date is probably wrong, being intended for Thursday July 27 ; 
Xhe Journals showing that these resolutions in a somewhat different form were adopted by Congress on that 
day. As both the MS. and its endorsement give July 17, I have inserted it in this place. — W. C. F. 



1775] .WASHINGTON PAPERS. 45 

Letters to Washington, Vol. 6, /. 146. 

FROM GENERAL SCHUYLER. 

TicoNDEROGA July 18* 1775 
Dear Sir 

I do myself the Honor to inform Your Excellency of my Arrival at this 
Place early this Morning ; and, as a Person is just going to Hartford, I sit 
down to give you the little Information I have procured. 

A Canadian, who twelve days ago left S' Johns, advises me that General 
Carlton has about four hundred men at that place ; that he has thrown up a 
strong intrenchment, covered with Cheveaux de Frise", picketted the ditch, 
and secured it with an Abbati ; that he has an advanced post of fifty men, 
intrenched a league on this side; that there are many Indians in Canada; 
but believes neither they or the Canadians will join him ; the latter he is 
sure will not unless compelled by force. 

You will expect that I should say something about this place and the 
troops here. Not one earthly thing for offence or defence has been done ; 
the Coiimianding officer had no orders, he only came to reinforce the garrison, 
and he expected the General: But this, my dear General, as well as what 
follows in this paragraph I pray may be entre noiis, for reasons I need not 
suggest. About ten last night I arrived at the Landing place the north end 
of Lake George, a post occupied by a Captain and 100 men. A Centinel 
on being informed I was in the boat quitted his post to go and awake the 
guard, consisting of three men, in which he had no success. I walked up 
and came to another, a Serjeant's Guard. Here the centinel challenged, but 
suffered me to come up to him, the whole guard, like the first, in the sound- 
est sleep. With a penknife only I could have cut off both guards, and then 
have set fire to the blockhouse, destroyed the stores, and starved the people 
here. At this post I have pointedly recommended vigilance and Care ; as 
all the stores from Fort George must necessarily be landed there. But I 
hope to get the better of this inattention. The officers and men are all 
good looking people, and decent in their deportment, and I really believe 
will make good soldiers as soon as I can get the better of this non-chalance 
of theirs. Bravery I believe they are far from wanting. As soon as I am a 
little settled, I shall do myself the Honor to send you a return of my strength 
both on land and water. 

Inclose your Excellency a Copy of a letter from Col. Johnson, with Copy 
of an Examination of a person lately from Canada contradictory of the ac- 
count I gave you in my last from Saratoga.* You will perceive that he is 
gone to Canada. I hope Carlton, if he should be able to procure a body of 
Indians, will not be in a hurry to pay us a visit. I wish to be a little more 
decently prepared to receive him in doing which be assured I shall lose no 
time. 

[* The enclosure first mentioned cannot be found. — W. C. F.] 

I have 



46 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 



I have no way of sending you any letters, with a probable hope of their 
coming to hand, unless by express, or by the circuitous rout of Hartford ; 
by which only I can expect to be favored with a line from you. 

Generals Lee and Gates share with you in my warmest wishes. I shall 
devote the first hour I can call my own to do myself the honor to write them. 
I am Most Sincerely, 

Your Excellency's Obedient, and Humble Servant, 

Ph : Schuyler. 

Permit me. Sir, thro you to enquire the health of Cols. Read, Major 
Mifflin and M"^ Griffin. 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 6, /. 139. 

[ Enclosure. ] 

The Examination of Gerrit Roseboom of the City of Albany before the Sub committee of 
the said City and County of Albany the 15"' Day of July 1775 : 

1. Says that he left Montreal on or about the 26"' June last. 

2. That in Canada the utmost Means were used to induce the Indians to side with the 
Regulars, especially by M''. S'. Luke Le Corn, but that among the Indians where this Exam- 
inant has been particularly, Cannsadaga, Esqiiseesita, Oswegatie, and Canazvagas, they de- 
cline taking up the Hatchet against the Bostonians [a Term by which the general Opposition 
is distinguished]. 

3. That the Canawagas particularly, are active in preventing the Incursions of the other 
Indian Nations, for which Purpose they have stationed about a Dozen of their Tribe at S*^. 
John's with Horses with Directions that if their Endeavours should prove ineffectual to give 
immediate Notice to the Tribe, who in that Case are resolved to prevent them by Force. 

4. That while this Examinant was at Montreal he saw about 22 Indians of the Messesa- 
goes Tribe who were in their War Dress and Accoutrements set of to S'. John's on a .Scalping 
Party towards the Fort on the Lake in our Possession. But that this Examinant believes 
they will be stopped by the Means above mentioned. 

5. That this Examinant on his Arrival at Oswego about 8 Days ago, found Col: Guy 
Johnson there who had with him about 300 Indians and about 500 Squaas and Children. 

6. That this Examinant was present at a Congress he held with the Indians, but does not 
know the subject of their Deliberation, but that he afterwards understood from those Indians 
that the Communication on the Mohawk River was to remain open. That on the Day when 
this Examinant left Oswego the Indians were to receive his Presents, Except the Rum which 
was to be Delivered them the next Day at the Oswego Falls, to each Nation or Tribe one 
Barrel. That from there Guy Johnson was to proceed to Oswegatie. Some of them were to 
go with him from each Tribe and the Rest to return home, that this Examinant heard before 
he came to Oswego, that there was to be a General Congress at Oswegatie with the Canadean 
Indians. 

7. That the Indians at Oswego assured this examinant that they did not intend to fight 
against us But that Considering the Fickleness of their Disposition and probably the Over 
Persuasion of our Enemies no great Dependance can be made on their Assurance. 

8. That Endeavours were used in Canada to enlist Men in the Service of the Crown, but 
that the Canadians were extreamly averse to enter into the .Service. — That a Report prevailed 
there that Governor Carleton had threatned to fire the City in Case the Merchants and Others 
did not join. 

9. That he has seen a few straglers and of the lowest Class of the People who were 
inlisted.- — That Mons'' S' Luke had proposed as an Expedient to the Governor to hang half 
a Dozen, which would intimidate the Survivors into a Compliance. — That he has been informed 
there that they were buisy in Building Batteaus at .S' Johns, for the Purpose of transporting 
Troops across the Lake to attack the Possessions at Crown Point & Ticonderoga. 

A true Copy from the Minutes. 

(Signed) John Bay Secr^ 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 47 



[Orders.] 

Head Quarters before Boston, July i8''', 1775. 
. Parole, IVilniiugton. Counter Sign, Chester. 

. As the Chevaux-de-Frise are not in readiness; The Officers commanding the different 
Lines and Redoubts are, as speedily as possible, to provide a sufficient number of Gabions, 
which are to lay empty at the Entrances of their respective posts, in order to be filled up as 
occasion may require. Gen : Putnam will forthwith order his post to be furnished with a 
large quantity of Fascines. 

The Officers commanding the different Posts, to send an exact Return to Head Quarters, 
this afternoon, of all the intrenching Tools in their possession: viz: Spades, pick- Axes, wheel- 
Barrows, Hand-Barrows, Axes and Crow-Barrs; and to mention the number and quality of 
any of these Implements, that are still wanting to carry on their respective works. 

Six Captains, twelve Subalterns, twelve Serjeants and three hundred Rank & file, to parade 
to morrow morning, immediately after divine service, from the Regiments now station'd in 
Cambridge, as a working party to assist in raising the New Hampshire lines. 

Col James Scammons of the Massachusetts bay Forces, tried by the General Court Martial 
of which Col John Nixon was president, for "Disobedience of orders, and Backwardness in 
the execution of his duty" The Court after duly examining the Evidence, for and against the 
prisoner, together with what the prisoner had to say in his defence; are of opinion that Col 
Scammons is not guilty of the Crimes wherewith he was accused, and therefore do acquit the 
prisoner — Col Scammons to be immediately released from his arrest. 

If after what has happened, the Enemy in Revenge of their late Loss, should dare to 
attempt forcing our Lines, The Army may be assured, that nothing but their own Indolence 
and Remissness, can give the least hope of success to so rash an Enterprise: It is therefore 
strongly recommended to the Commanding Officers of Corps, Guards and Detachments; that 
they be assiduously alert in parading their Men, at their several posts, half an hour before day 
break, and remain there, untill the Commanding (Officers think proper to dismiss them: 

The General hears with Astonishment, the very frequent Ap})lications, that are made to 
him, as well by Officers as Soldiers for Furloughs: Brave Men, who are engaged in the noble 
Cause of Liberty; should never think of removing from their Camp, while the Enemy is in 
sight, and anxious to take every Advantage, any Indiscretion on our side may give them : The 
General doubts not, but the Commanding Officers of Corps will anticipate his wishes, and 
discourage those under them, from disgracefully desiring to go home, untill the Campaign is 
ended. 



Head Quarters, Camisridce, July 19"' 1775. 
Parole, Derby. Counter Sign; Marblchcad. 



[In Conc;ress.] 

July 20 1775 
Resolved, That Gen' P. Schuyler be empowered to dispose of and employ all the troops in 
the New-York department in such manner as he may think best for the protection & defence 
of these colonies, the tribes of Indians in friendship & amity with us, and most effectually to 
promote the general Interest, Still pursuing, if in his power, the former Orders from this Con- 
gress, & Subject to the future Orders of the commander in chief 
A true copy 

Cha'' Thomson Sec''-*' 



[Order. ] 

Head Quarters, Cambridge, July 20* 1775. 
Parole, Aihanv. Countersign, Ticonderoga. 

Certain Drums in, and near Cambridge, very improperly beat the Revellie this morning 
before day ; Although the Troops are ordered to be under Arms, half an hour before day light ; 
it does not follow the drums are to beat at that time. The Reveille is to beat when a Gentry 
can see clearly one thousand Yards around him, and not before. 

All 



48 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 



All Aids de-Camp, and Majors of Brigade, are to keep regularly entered in a book; all 
the General Orders of the army, as well as those of the Brigades they belong to : As the Gen- 
eral in Chief, will not for the future, admit as an Excuse for the Breach of Orders ; the plea 
of not knowing them. 

Samuel Osgood and Joseph Ward Esq''' being appointed Aids-de-Camp, to Major General 
Ward, they are to be obeyed as such ; and all orders coming fr6m Aids-de Camp, are to be 
consider'd, as the Orders of their respective Generals, and whether written or verbal, to be 
forthwith obeyed : It may be necessary once more to repeat to the Army, that every Aid-de- 
Camp and Major of Brigades will be distinguished by a green ribband. 

Certain Corps, having been dilatory in delivering last Saturday, their weekly Returns, as 
positively directed by former orders ; The General is determin'd for the future, not to excuse 
any neglect in sending the Returns every Saturday, to the Adjutant General. As the Com- 
manding Officers of Regiments, are to be answerable for the due observance of this Order, it 
is expected they are exact in obliging their respective Adjutants, to fullfill their duty. 



Letters of Washington. Miscellaneous. Vol. i,y"l9; Transcript A, Wo\. i, f. I ^■, Con- 
tinental Congress, .Vo. ij2, f. 35 ; ^0. i6g, f. 39 1. 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS. 

Camp at Cambridge July 21 1775. 
Sir. 

Since I did myself the Honour of addressing you die 14'^ 
inst' I have received Advice from Gov' Trumbull, that the 
Assembly of Connecticut had voted, & that they are now 
raising two Regiments of 700 Men each, in Consequence of 
an Application from the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts 
Bay. The Rhode Island Assembly has also made an Aug- 
mentation for this purpose; these Reinforcements with the 
RifHe Men who are daily expected, & such Recruits as may 
come in; to fill up the Regiments here, will I apprehend 
compose an Army sufficiently strong, to oppose any Force 
which may be brought against us at present. I am very 
sensible, that the heavy expence necessarily attendant upon 
this Campaign, will call for the utmost- Frugality & Care, & 
would therefore if possible avoid inlisting one unnecessary 
Man. As this is the first certain Account of the Destination 
of these new raised Troops, I thought proper to communicate 
my Sentiments as early as possible ; least the Congress should 
act upon my Letter of the 10''', and raise Troops in the South- 
ern Colonies, which in my present Judgment may be dispens'd 
with. 

In these 8 Days past there have been no movements in 
either Camp of any consequence. On our side, we have con- 
tinued the Works without any Intermission, & they are now 

so 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 49 

SO far advanced, as to leave us Htde to apprehend on that Score. 
On the side of the Enemy, they have also been very industrious 
in finishing their Lines both on Bunker's Hill, & Roxbury 
Neck. In this Interval also their Transports have arrived from 
New York, and they have been employed in landing & sta- 
tioning their Men I have been able to collect no certain Ac- 
count of the Numbers arrived, but the inclosed Letter,* wrote 
(tho' not signed) by AL Sheriff Lee, & delivered me by Cap' 
Darby, (who went Express with an Account of the Lexington 
Battle,) will enable us to form a pretty accurate Judgment. 
The Increase of Tents & Men in the Town of Boston, is very 
obvious, but all my Accounts from thence agree, that there is 
a great Mortality occasioned by the Want of Vegetables & 
fresh Meat: & that their Loss in the late Battle at Charles Town 
(from the few Recoveries of their Wounded) is greater than at 
first supposed. The Condition of the Inhabitants detained in 
Boston is very distressing, they are equally destitute of the 
Comfort of fresh Provisions, & many of them are so reduced 
in their Circumstances, as to be unable to supply themselves 
with salt: Such Fish as the Soldiery leave, is their principal 
support. Added to all this, such Suspicion & Jealousy pre- 
vails, that they can scarcely speak, or even look, without ex- 
posing themselves to some Species of military Execution. 

I have not been able from any Intelligence I have received, 
to form any certain Judgment of the future Operations of the 
Enemy. Some Times I have suspected an Intention of de- 
taching a part of their Army to some Part of the Coast; as 
they have been building a Number of flat bottom'd Boats 
capable of holding 200 Men each. But from their Works, & 
the Language held at Boston, there is Reason to think, they 
expect the Attack from us, & are principally engaged in pre- 
paring themselves against it. I have ordered all the Whale 
Boats along the Coast to be collected, & some of them are 
employed every Night to watch the Motions of the Enemy 
by Water, so as to guard as much ^s possible against any 
surprize. 

* Missing. 

Upon 

\V. p. — 4 



50 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 

Upon my Arrival & since, some Complaints have been 
preferr'd against Officers for Cowardice in the late Action on 
Bunkers Hill. Thouo-h there were several strono- Circum- 
stances & a very general Opinion against them, none have 
been condemn'd, except a Capt" Callender of the Artillery, 
who was immediately cashier'd. I have been sorry to find it 
an uncontradicted Fact, that the principal failure of Duty that 
day was in the Officers, tho' many of them distinguish'd them- 
selves by their gallant Behaviour. The Soldiers generally 
shew'd great Spirit and Resolution. 

Next to the more immediate & pressing Duties of putting 
our Lines in as secure a State as possible, attending to the 
Movements of the Enemy, & gaining Intelligence, my great 
Concern is to establish Order, Regularity & Discipline: with- 
out which, our numbers would embarass us, & in case of 
Action general Confusion must infallibly ensue In order to 
this, I propose to divide the Army into three Divisions at the 
Head of each will be a General Officer — these Divisions to be 
again subdivided into Brigades, under their respective Briga- 
diers ; but the Difficulty arising from the Arrangement of the 
General Officers, & waiting the farther Proceedings of the 
Congress on this Subject, has much retarded my Progress in 
this most necessary Work. I should be very happy to receive 
their final Commands, as any Determination \vould enable me 
to proceed in my Plan. 

General Spencer returned to the Camp two Days ago, & 
has consented to serve under Puttnam, rather than leave the 
Army intirely. I have heard nothing from General Pomroy, 
should he wholly retire, I apprehend it will be necessary to 
supply his Place as soon as possible. General Folsom pro- 
poses also to retire. In Addition to the Officers mentioned in 
mine of the lo. Inst', I would humbly propose that some Pro- 
vision should be made for a Judge Advocate, & Provost Mar- 
shal — the Necessity of the first Appointment was so great, 
that I was obliged to nominate a M' Tudor who was well 
recommended to me, & now executes the Office, under an 
Expectation of receiving Captains Pay; an Allowance, in my 

Opinion, 



1775-1 WASHINGTON PAPERS. 5 1 

Opinion, scarcely adequate to the Service in new raised Troops, 
when there are Court Martials every Day. However as that 
is the Proportion in the regular Army, and he is contented, 
there will be no Necessity of an Addition. 

I must also renew my Request as to Money, & the Appoint- 
ment of a Paymaster: I have forbore urging- Matters of this 
Nature from my Knowledge of the many important Concerns 
which engage the Attention of the Congress ; but as I find my 
Difficulties thicken every Day, I make no Doubt suitable Re- 
gard will be paid to a Necessity of this Kind. The Incon- 
venience of borrowing such Sums as are constantly requisite 
must be too plain for me to enlarge upon, & is a Situation, 
from which I should be very happy to be relieved. 

Upon the Experience I have had, & the best Consideration 
of the Appointment of the several Offices of Commissary Gen', 
Muster master Gen', Quarter Master Gen', Paymaster Gen' & 
Commissary of Artillery, I am clearly of Opinion that they not 
only conduce to Order, Despatch & Discipline, but that it is a 
Measure of Oeconomy. The Delay, the Waste, & unpunish- 
able Neglect of Duty arising from these Offices being in Com- 
mission, in several Hands, evidently show that the publick 
Expence must be finally enhanced. I have experienced the 
Want of these Officers, in completing the Returns of Men, 
Ammunition, & Stores, the latter are yet imperfect, from the 
Number of Hands in which they are dispers'd. I have inclosed* 
the last weekly Return which is more accurate than the former, 
& hope in a little Time we shall be perfectly regular in this, 
as well as several other necessary Branches of Duty.. 

I have made Inquiry into the Establishment of the Hospital, 
& find it in a very unsettled Condition. There is no principal 
Director, or any Subordination among the Surgeons, of Con- 
sequence, Disputes & Contention have arisen, & must con- 
tinue, untill it is reduced to some system. I could wish it was 
immediately taken into Consideration, as the Lives & Health 
of both Officers & Men, so much depend upon a due Regula- 
tion of this Department. I have been particularly attentive 

* Not with the letter. 

to 



52 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [Ji'i-V, 

to the least Symptoms of the small Pox and hitherto we have 
been so fortunate, as to have every Person removed so soon, 
as not only to prevent any Communication, but any Alarm or 
Apprehension it might give in the Camp. We shall continue 
the utmost Vigilance against this most dangerous Enemy. 

In an Army properly organized, there are sundry Offices 
of an Inferiour kind, such as Waggon Master, Master Car- 
penter, &c, but I doubt whether my Powers are sufficiently 
extensive for such Appointments: If it is thought proper to 
repose such a Trust in me, I shall be governed in the Discharge 
of it, by a strict Regard to Oeconomy, & the publick Interest. 

My Instructions from the Hon Congress directs that no 
Troops are to be disbanded without their express Direction, 
nor to be recruited to more than double the Number of the 
Enemy. Upon this Subject, I beg Leave to represent, that 
unless the Regiments in this Province, are more successful in 
recruiting than I have Reason to expect, a Reduction of some 
of them, will be highly necessary ; as the Publick is put to the 
whole Expense of an Establishment of Officers, while the real 
Strength of the Regiment, which consists in the Rank & file, 
is defective. In Case of such a Reduction doubtless some of 
the Privates, and all the Officers would return Home ; but 
many of the former, would go into the remaining Regiments, 
& having had some Experience would fill them up with useful 
Men. I so plainly perceive the Expence of this Campaign, 
will exceed any Calculation hitherto made, that I am particu- 
larly anxious to strike off every unnecessary Charge. You 
will therefore. Sir, be pleased to favour me with explicit 
Directions from the Congrress on the Mode of this Reduction, 
if it shall appear necessary, that no Time may be lost when 
such Necessity appears. 

Yesterday we had an Account that the Light House was 
on Fire — by whom, & under what Orders, I have not yet 
learned. But we have Reason to believe, it has been done by 
some of our Irregulars. 

You will please to present me to the Congress with the 

utmost Duty, & Respect. 

P. S. 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 53 

P. S. Capt. Darby's Stay in England was so short, that 
he brings no other Information than what the inclosed Letter,* 
& the News Papers which will accompany this, contain — Gen- 
eral Gage's Dispatches had not arrived, & the Ministry affected 
to disbelieve the whole Account — treating^ it as a Fiction or at 
most an Affair of little Consequence. The Fall of Stocks was 
very inconsiderable. 

[Sent by Fessenden Express.] 



Cambridge Camp July 21. 1775 5 o'Clock. P. M. 
Sir 

Since closing the Letters which accompany this I have re- 
ceived an Account of the Destruction of the Light House, a 
Copy of which I have the Honour to inclose, f 

P. S. I have also received a more authentick Account of 
the Loss of the Enemy in the late Battle than any yet received. 
Doctor Winship who lodged in the same House with an Officer 
of the Marines assures me they had exactly 1043 killed & 
wounded, of whom 300 fell on the Field or died within a few 
Hours. Many of the wounded are since dead. 

[Sent by Fessenden Express.] 



Washington and Hancock. 

[" I must beg the favour you will Reserve some birth for me, in such Department as you 
may Judge most proper, for I am Determin'd to act under you, if it be to take the firelock & 
Join the Ranks as a volunteer. . . . All military matters are suspended until your state 
arrives — Jno Hancock July lo. 1775. Letters to Washington. Vol. 89. 

" I am particularly to acknowledge that Part of your Favour of the io"> Inst' wherein you 
do me the Honour of determining to join the Army under my Command. I need certainly 
make no professions of the Pleasure I shall have in seeing you. At the same Time I have to 
regret that so little is in my Power to offer equal to Col. Hancocks merits — Washington to 
//ancoch, ]n\y 21, ijy^. Letters 0/ Washington. Miscellaneous. Vol. i,y; 26.] 



[ Okdek. ] 

Head Quarters, Cambridge, July 21"' 1775 
Parole, JMaddin. Counter sign, Chelsea. 

♦Missing. 

f See Appendix. 



54 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 

Letters to Washington. Vol. 6. / 152. 

[ Intelligence. ] 

Chelsea July y'^ 22"' 1775 
To his Exelencey the jenral Sir thes are the Remarcks tackin on s<i day from four to 6 saw 
nothng From 6 to 8 saw tow Brigs Bound out and tow vsles from the Casel to Boston — from 
8 to 10 saw 10 Botes Loded with armed men from Boston to Chal* — from 10 to 12 saw 18 
Botes Pasing and Repasing Loded — one transport Bound out — from 12 to 2 saw 19 Botes 
from Boston to ChaP full of men — 12 from Chalston to Boston ful of men — from 2 to 4 saw 
one schoner Coming in up appeared to have a Nomber of men — 9 Botes from Chaleston to Bos- 
ton — from Boston to Chal^ 23 Botes Loded with men and Horses— from 4 to 6 saw 8 Botes 
from Boston to ChaP Loded witk men one transport went and sterd East 
Sir I ame j'our Houmble Servent at command 

RicHD Dodge Cap* 



[ Orders. ] 

Head Quarters, Cambridge, July 22'"^ 1775 
Parole A'ajitasket. Counter sign, Alississipi. 

A Court of Enquiry to sit forthwith, President Doctor Foster, Doctor Warren, and Doctor 
Eustace, Members, to examine into a Complaint exhibited by M"' John Spalding, surgeon to 
General Putnams regiment against AP Penuel Chiney — Surgeon's Mate of the said regiment: 
All Evidences to attend the Court. 

Cap' Israel Putnam and Lieu' Samuel Webb, being appointed Aids-de-Camp to Major 
General Putnam, they are to be obey'd as such. 

Regularity and due Subordination, being so essentially necessary, to the good Order and 
Government of an Army, and without it, the whole must soon become a Scene of disorder and 
confusion. The General finds it indispensibly necessary, without waiting any longer for dis- 
patches from the General Continental Congress, immediately to form the Army into three 
Grand Divisions, and of dividing each of those Grand Divisions into two Brigades : He there- 
fore orders that the following Regiments viz' — 

Gen' Wards, Gen Thomas's, Col Fellows, Col Cottons, Col Danielsons, Col Da'' Brewer's, 
compose one Brigade, and be under the Command of Brigadier General Thomas ; that Gen' 
Spencers, Col Parsons, Col Walkers, Col I. Reads, Col Learneards, Independents, compose 
another Brigade, to be commanded by Brigadier Gen' Spencer : That these two Brigades com- 
pose the right wing or division of the army ; and be under the command of Major General 
Ward, and remain at Roxbury, and its Southern dependencies. That Col Starks, Col Poors, 
Col Reeds — New Hampshire; Col Nixons, Col. Mansfield, Col Doolittles — Massachusetts, 
be formed into another Brigade under the Command of Brigadier General Sullivan, and posted 
on Winter-hill. That Col Varnums, Col Hitchcocks, Col Churchs — Rhode Island; Col 
Whitecombes, Col Gardners, Col I. Brewers, Col Littles — Massachusetts, be formed into 
another Brigade, and commanded by Brigadier Gen' Green, and posted upon Prospect Hill; 
and these two Brigades compose the left wing on second division of the army under the Com- 
mand of Major Gen' Lee. That Gen' Putnams, Col Glovers, Col Fryes, Col P)ridges, Col 
Woodbridges, Col Serjeants, be formed into another Iirigade, under the Command of the 
Senior ( )fficer therein, and until the pleasure of the Continental Congress be known ; These 
two Brigades to be under the Command of Major General Putnam, also a Corps-de-reserve, 
for the defence of the several posts, north of Roxbury, not already named. 

The arrangement now ordered to take place, is to be made as speedily as possible, and the 
Majors General are to see it done accordingly, some inconveniencies may arise to certain 
Individuals by this change, but as the good of the serv'ice requires it to be made an alert and 
ready compliance is expected. 

All applications from henceforward, by ( )fiicers or Soldiers for leave of absence, are to be 
made to the Major ( General commanding each division, who is to judge of the propriety of the 
application and grant Furloughs where they see cause, without applying to the Commander 
in Chief, provided it l)e not contrary to General orders. 

General Fleaths Regiment is to take post at No. 2 in line of General Wards — Col Patter- 
son's remains at No 3 : — Col Scammons to occupy No l : and the Redoubt between that and 
No 2 : Col Prescotts regiment to take post at the redoubts upon Sewells point Col Gerrishes 
Regiment to furnish the Companies for Chelsea, Maiden, and Medford. 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 55 



Head Quarters, Cambridge, July 2^^"^ 1775 
Parole, Brunswick. Counter sign, Princeton. 

As the Continental Army have unfortunately no Uniforms, and consequently many incon- 
veniences must arise, from not being able always to distinguish the Commissioned Officers, 
from the non Commissioned, and the non Commissioned from the private; it is desired that 
some Badges of Distinction may be immediately provided, for Instance, the Field Officers may 
\i2i\Q red or pink colour'd Cockades in their Hatts: the Captains yt'ilo^u or buff; and the 
Subalterns ^i.'-zYcw. They are to furnish themselves accordingly — The Serjeants may be dis- 
tinguished by an Epaulette, or stripe of red Cloth, sewed upon the right shoulder; the Cor- 
porals by one oi green. 

The people employed to make Spears, are desired by the General to make four dozen of 
them immediately, thirteen feet in length, and the wood part a good deal more substantial 
than those already made, particularly in the New Hampshire Lines, are rediculously short 
and light, and can answer no sort of purpose, no more are therefore to be made on the same 
model. 

The Commanding Officers of the different works and posts, are once more enjoined, to 
furnish themselves with a sufficient Number of Gabions and Fascines, which are to stop up 
the Entrances of their respective Redoubts and Lines; and to repair their works which may 
either be damaged by the weather, or the Fire of the enemy ; it is observed that several of 
the Entrances of the Redoubts, are still left open without any sort of defence; The Command- 
ing Officers of each Redoubt, are therefore ordered to cut a wide deep ditch, at the entrances, 
and throw a bridge of strong plank across; this to be done without delay. 

John Davis of Cap' Fosters Company, in Col Gridley's regiment of Artillery, tried for 
" Desertion and suspicion of intending to go to the Enemy" is acquitted by the General Court 
Martial. 

Ensign Trafton accused by Col Scammons of "abusive Language, to the said Colonel 
Scammons while under Arrest," tried by a General Court Martial of which Col Nixon was 
president the Court are unanimously of opinion that the prisoner is Not guilty and do there- 
fore acquit him with honour. 

Lieu' Trafton to be forthwith released from his aiTest. 

Michael Bury, Cap' Parkers Company, and Col Prescotts Regiment, tried by the same 
General Court Martial for "refusing his duty and enhsting in anether Company": The Court 
condemn the prisoner, and order him to receive thirty-nine Lashes. The General orders the 
sentence to be put in execution, at the Head of the regiment the delinquent belongs to. 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 89,/. 18. 

FROM JOHN HANCOCK.* 

Philad'' 24"' July 1775. 
Sir, 

Your letter of the 10"' ins' with the enclosed papers being duly received 
was laid before Congress and immediately taken into consideration. 

In answer to the several matters therein contained I am to inform you, 
that the Congress appointed a committee to enquire what quantity of light 
Sail Cloth, Sheeting and Oznabrigs could be obtained in this town for the 
purpose of making Tents, and in this business the committee are now closely 
employed. 

It is agreed that tow cloth will be most proper for hunting shirts, & of 
this the Congress are informed a sufficient quantity may be obtained in Rhode 
island and Connecticut. It is expected you will give orders for purchasing 
there the quantity necessary. 

Agreeable to your recommendation they have appointed Joseph Trum- 

*See Journals of Congress, July 19, 20 and 21, 1775. 

bull 



56 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 

bull Esq' Commissary-General of Stores and provisions for the army of the 
United Colonies. 

The appointment of a Quartermaster General, Commissary of Musters, 
and a Commissary of Artillery is left to you, the Congress not being suffi- 
ciently acquainted with persons properly qualified for these offices. 

They have ordered a company of Matrosses to be raised in this city and 
sent forward. 

General Thomas, they have appointed First Brigadier-General in the 
room of M"" Pomroy who did not act under the commission sent him and 
have ordered General Thomas's commission to bear date the same day Gen' 
Pomroy's did. 

I have sent five Bundles of Commissions 284 the rest shall follow. 

They have empowered you, if you think fit, to appoint three Brigade 
Majors of such persons as you chuse to honor with that command and to 
commission them accordingly. 

They have appointed a committee to consider and report on the estab- 
lishing an Hospital and appointing a director. 

As soon as they have brought in their report and the Congress have come 
to any resolution on that subject you will be made acquainted with it.* 

Letters are sent with a recommendation to the colonies of New Hamp- 
shire, Massachusetts bay, Rhode island and Connecticut to compleat the 
deficiencies in the regiments belonging to their respective colonies, which 
you shall retain in the Continental Army. Inclos'd are the Letters to N 
Hampshire & Rhode Island, W'' please to order forwarded by express imme- 
diately And it is earnestly recommended to Rhode island to send forward 
to you three hundred and sixty men lately voted by their General Assembly, 
and to Connecticut to send forward fourteen hundred men lately voted by 
the General Assembly of that colony. 

Upon intelligence that M' Johnson is endeavoring to instigate the Indians 
to acts of hostility the Congress have impowered General Schuyler "to dispose 
of and employ all the troops in the New York department in such manner as 
he may think best for the protection and defence of these colonies, the tribes 
of Indians in friendship and amity with us and most effectually to promote 
the general interest, still pursuing, if in his power, the former orders of this 
Congress and subject to the future orders of the Commander in chief" 

As the Congress are not'fully acquainted with the number of the enemy 
you have to oppose and the extent of your operations, they reposing confidence 
in your prudence have resolved, that "such a body of troops be kept in the 
Massachusetts-bay as you shall think necessary i)rovided they do not exceed 
twenty two thousand ' ' 

In a letter from Lord Dartmouth to Gov' Martin dated Whitehall May 3'' 
1775 after recommending him to embody such of the men in four counties 
(which Gov' Martin had represented as favourable to the views of adminis- 
tion) as are able to bear arms is the following paragraph "I confess to you, 

*See page 44. 

Sir, 



I775-] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 57 

Sir, that this appears to me to be a matter of such importance that I cannot 
too earnestly recommend it to your attention, and that no time may be lost, 
in case of absolute necessity I have received his Majesty's commands to write 
to Gen' Gage to apprize him of this favourable circumstance and to instruct 
him that he do, upon application to you, send some able and discreet officer 
to you, in order to concert the means of carrying so essential a service into 
effect and if necessary to lead the people forth against any rebellious attempts 
to disturb the public peace " 

Whether the five Vessells, you mention to have sailed from Boston on the 
ii"' instant, are gone on this service time must manifest. 

The Bills ordered to be struck by Congress are in great forwardness; as 
soon as a sufficient quantity worth sending is compleated, it will be sent to you. 

I have the pleasure to inform you that the Congress have received a letter 
from the Provincial Convention of Georgia dated 8th instant, informing that 
all the parishes in that colony except two, which it is supposed do not con- 
tain a score of freeholders inhabitants, met by their delegates in convention 
on the 4th ins' ; that those parrishes that upon former occasions seemed 
reluctant have manifested a laudable zeal on this occasion; that several 
Gentlemen in Savanna, that have hitherto been neuter or declared against 
America, now speak of the proceedings of parliament as illegal and oppressive; 
that the convention had applied to the Governor to appoint a day of fasting 
and prayer with which request the Governor informed them he would comply; 
that they have chosen five delegates to represent their colony in this Con- 
gress viz. John Houston, Arcb'' Bullock Esq' The rev'' Doctor Zubly, Lyman 
Hall and Noble Wimberly Jones Esq'^ ; and lastly that they have resolved 
strictly to adhere to the Continental Association and are heartily disposed 
zealously to enter into every measure that the Congress may deem necessary 
for the safety of America" 

M" Thomas & M' Trumbull's Commissi are Inclos'd in unseal'd Letters 
to them. 

When any thing Occurrs respect'g your Department you shall be made 
Acquainted. 

I have the honor to be with great esteem, Sir, 

Your most obed' & hum. Serv' 

John Hancock 

President 

The Inclos'd for M' Irish if any opport^ please to send into Boston. 

[Answ"* by Fessenden the Express Aug. 5.] 



[Order.] 

Head Quarters, Cambridge, July 24"^ 1775- 
Parole Salisbury. Counter sign Cumberland. 

It being thought proper to distinguish the Majors, from the Brigadiers General, by some 
particular Mark ; for the future the Majors General will wear a broad purple ribband. 

Notwithstanding the General Orders, marking the distinctions of General Officers, Aids- 
de-Camp, &c — the Generals are freijuently stopp'd by the Centinels, which can only happen 

from 



58 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 



from the Captains having neglected to read the Orders to their respective Companies; If any 
General Officer, Aid-de-Camp or Major of Brigade, is again stopped through the Ignorance of 
the Centinels ; the Captains will be responsible. 

As any attempt the Enemy from their late disappointments, may have the rashness, or the 
hardiness to make ; will be violent and sudden, The General expects the Officers and 
Soldiers will be not only resolute but alert to defeat; and in a particular manner, he enforces 
his orders to every Field Officer upon no account (duty excepted) to lay out of Camp; liut 
upon every occasion, to shew by their Examples, that activity and steady Courage, so neces- 
sary to defeat an enterprising enemy. 

Notwithstanding the orders of the 11^'* Instant, expressly forbiding all Officers and Sol- 
diers, from quitting their Guard before they are regularly relieved and dismissed; The General 
is informed such unsoldierlike practices, are still committed ; He therefore admonishes all 
Officers and Non Commissioned Officers, not to suffer any Person to quit their Guard, upon 
any pretence, care to be taken, the Men are properly supplied with provisions, before they 
mount guard. 

Report being this morning made to the General That the main Guard room is kept abom- 
inably filthy and dirty ; for the future one Commanding Officer is not to relieve another, upon 
that Guard, until he is assured that the Officers and Mens apartments are clean and in decent 
order. 

The Surgeon of every Regiment in the Lines, Redoubts, or in, or near Cambridge, to 
deliver to morrow at twelve at Noon, to the Adjutant General at Head (Quarters, an exact 
return of the sick, in the regiments they respectively belong to. The Names, Rank and Dis- 
orders, of each Officer, Non Commission'd Officer and Soldier to be mentioned in the Return. 
The Returns of the Surgeons of the Corps, Station'd in and near Roxbury, to be made to the 
Commanding General at Roxbury, Tuesday noon, in the manner, and form directed by the 
above Order, and the General, Commanding at Roxbury, will transmit them to Head Quarters 
at Orderly time, Wednesday. , 



Letters of WasJiingtou. Transcript P. Vol. i,/. 3. 

TO GEORGE WM. FAIRFAX. 

Camp at Cambridge about 5 Miles from Boston. 

July 25'^ 1775. 
Dear Sir, 

On the other side you will receive a Copy of my last, dated 
at Philadelphia the 31" of May, and to which I refer. 

I shall say very little in this Letter, for two Reasons ; first, 
because I have received no Letter from you since the one 
dated in June 1774, and therefore (having wrote often) can 
have nothing to answer; but, principally, because I do not 
know whether it may ever get to your hands: If it should, 
the principal, indeed only, design is to cover the seconds of 
those Bills forwarded in my last. 

You will, I presume, before this Letter gets to hand, hear 
of my appointment to the command of the Continental Army. 
I arrived at this Camp the 2'^ Instant. 

You must, no doubt, also have head of the engagement 
on Bunker's Hill the 17* ultimo; but as, I am persuaded, you 

will 



I775-] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 59 

will have a very erroneous account transmitted, of the loss 
sustained on the side of the Provincials, I do assure you, upon 
my Word, that our loss, as appears by the Returns made me 
since I came here, amounts to no more than 139 killed 36 
missing- and 278 Wounded; nor had we, if I can credit the 
most solemn assurances of the Officers that were in the action, 
above 1500 Men engaged on that day. The loss on the side 
of the Ministerial Troops, as I am informed from good author- 
ity, consisted of 1,043 killed and wounded, whereof 92 were 
Officers. 

Inclosed I send you a second address from the Congress 
to the Inhabitants of Great Britain ; as also a Declaration, 
setting forth the Causes and necessity of their taking up Arms. 
My Affectionate 81 respectful compliments to M''. Fairfax 
concludes me. 



Letters to Washingfon. Vol. 6, / 153-154. 

[ Intelligen'ce. ] 

To His Exelency, the genral Washington 

Sir I am informed By Josef groves from Boston to Day that y^ Shiping gon out is Bound 
for Block Island fishers Island and Long Island in order to Cil and Destroy all that Comes 
in thare way with Six hundred men the man i will Send to you as Soon as may Be * 

I am your humble Servent 

RicHD Dodge Cap' 

RoxBURY Camp July 25. 1775 
Sir 

There was Information forwarded to Head Quarters yesterday P. M. of the Sailing of 13 
Ships from Boston. I sent one Cap' Davis Down the Harbour to watch their motion, and he 
reports on his return that they put to Sea & stood their Course about E. S. E. which appears 
as if they were bound to the Southward : that Course would Lead them out by Cape Cod, & 
to the Chops of the South Chanel. 

I am Sir with great respect your most Obedi' Hum" Serv' 

Jno. Thomas 



[Order.] 

Head Quarters, Camhridge, July as'*" 1775 
Patrole, Hallifax. Counter sign, York. 

Continual Complaints being made that Soldiers of regiments and Companies, after inlist- 
ing in one Company and regiment, have gone and enlisted in another insomuch that it would 
engross the General's whole time to hear the disputes upon this subject : For the future, any 
Officers who have any dispute in regard to the men reinlisted, are to apply to the Brigadier 
commanding their brigade, who will order a Court martial of the Brigade, to hear and deter- 
mine the matter. 

The General Court Martial, of which Col: Nixon was president, to be dissolved this even- 
ing, and another General Court Martial of the Line, to sit to morrow Morning at the usual 
time and place, to try such prisoners as shall be brought before them : All Evidences and per- 
sons concern'd, to attend the Court. 

*The endorsement shows that this was written on July 25. — ^W. C F. 



6o WASHINGTON PAPERS. [Jl'ly, 

Letters to Wasliington, Transo-ipt F. Vol. i,/5. 

TO GEORGE WM. FAIRFAX. 

Cambridge, July 26'^ 1775. 
Dear Sir, 

In my hurry, yesterday, I forgot the principal thing I had 
in view, when I sat down to write to you, and that was, to 
inform you of the indispensable necessity you must now be 
under of appointing another Attorney. The nature of the 
business I am now engaged in (which alone is full sufficient 
to engross the time and attention of any one Man) and the 
distance I am removed from your business, as well as my own, 
puts it absolutely out of my power to be of any further service 
to you in Virginia: It is a duty incumbent on me, therefore, 
to inform you of this circumstance, that you may, without delay, 
appoint some other Attorney to manage your Affairs ; as it 
would be folly in the extreme, in me, to undertake to conduct 
your business at the distance of 600 Miles, when it is utterly 
out of my power (but by means of a third person) to Order 
and direct my own. 

When I left home, I put Syme's Protested Bill (with some 
business of my own) into the hands of Colonel Lewis, to 
negotiate ; and since I came to this place, have been informed 
by him, that, unable to get the Money, he obtained a second 
draft from Colonel Nelson in discharge of the first, which, I 
dare say, will be paid. I have therefore wrote to M'. Lund 
Washins^ton, to get this Bill and remit it to you. 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 6, /. 156. 

FROM THE VIRGINIA DELEGATES IN CONGRESS. 

Philadelphia 26 July 1775. 
Dear Sir. 

With the most cordial warmth we recommend our Countryman M"" Ed- 
mund Randolph to your patronage and favor. 

This young Gentlemans abilities, natural and acquired, his extensive con- 
nections, and above all his desire to serve his Country in this arduous strug- 
gle, are circumstances that cannot fail to gain him your countenance and 
protection. 

You will readily discern Sir, how imjjortant a consideration it is, that 
our Country should be furnished with the security and strength derived from 

our 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 6 1 

our young Gentry being possessed of military knowledge, so necessary in 
these times of turbulence and danger. 

Encouraged by your friendship, and instructed by your example, we 
hope Mr. Randolph will become useful to his Country and profitable to 
himself. 

We most heartily wish, you health and success, with a happy return to 
your family and Country, being with great sincerity dear Sir Your affection- 
ate friends and obedient Servants, Richard Hexrv Lee 

P. Henry J-"- 
Th: Jefferson 



Letters to Washington. Vol.6, /; 155. 

FROM DONALD CAMPBELL. 

New York 26 July 1775. 
Sir. 

After congratulating You on your safe Arrival at Camp & remaining un- 
disturbed by the Ministerial Army I embrace this Opportunity to Acquaint 
you that I have the Honor of being Unanimously Appointed by the Honor- 
rable Continental Congress to be Deputy Quarter Master General with the 
Rank of a Colonel in the Army of the United Colonies, and have been 
directed to attend General Schuyler to the Northward at present. Yet my 
most sincear wish to be with the Main Body &: Your Excellency, where more 
favojable Opportunitys of exerting past Experience in service & Testifying 
my Zeal for the Cause in a higher Degree from the want of Officers there, as 
is said, that I flatter myself with the Hope, if it remains in your Breast to 
Honor &: Gratify Me. I am the more imboldened to be this brief by being 
told by Mess'■^ Hancock & Adams & Secretary Thomson after I had been 
appointed Deputy Quarter Master Gen', (which at first I understood to be 
Quarter Master General, to General Schuyler) I requested Rank as Brigadier 
General by reason of the Persons appointed Colonels here (under whome 
Many of the Gentlemen of the Congress Acknowledged I ought not to serve 
& Lamented that my Disposition for service had not been known to them 
Earlier). They then annexed the Rank of a Colonel in the Army, & that 
if your Excellency or General Schuyler approved of the Additional Rank 
They would have no Objection to it as Deputy from the Circumstance of re- 
maining in the province with our Regiments. And I was further informed 
that what was then offered was inferior to what the Gentlemen of the Con- 
gress would gladly appoint me to had I sooner applyed to them (which arose 
from a Respect for this Province & desire of serving it & not from the want 
of an Early & Glowing Zeal to serve my Country) and that if the Gentle- 
men proposed as Quarter Master General (to me unknown) should not meet 
with your full Approbation as he is not yet Commissioned the road was 
paved for me to Succeed to that and the additional rank this & Leading me 
to the Ambition of my Soul to serve under your Eye (S: Command, and my 
small share of service since 1756 may not be unacceptable from the present 
Cituation of the Forces : Therefore Dear Sir If you think the Service of 
the Country cannot be injured by your Friendly Recommendation to permitt 
me the Honor of being in the above Station near your Person in the Day of 
real Service you will Lay me under the most Lasting ties of Obligation Grat- 
itude 



62 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 



itude & Love & bind me in the same to the Honorable Members of the Con- 
gress in addition to their friendly attention in their Late Appointment and 
kind Disposition for my further Promotion from a conviction of the Base 
Treatment sustained by my Family by the breach of the Public Faith of this 
Province which Ruined them. 

I shall on Friday next proceed to Albany where General Schuyler is & 
doubt not his supporting my Sanguine Expectations from the Congress, as 
well as General Lee to whome I also write. 

I shall be happy if it may be Convenient to honor me with a Line & be- 
lieve me to be with much Sincearity &: fervent prayers for your happiness, & 
Long being in the highest Esteem of your Country with Felicity Dear Sir 
Your Most Obed' & Most Hum^'^ Serv' 

DoxALD Campbell 



[Order.] * 

Head Quarters, Cambridge, July 26''' 1775 
Parole, Amsterdam. Counter sign, Amboy. 

It is recommended to the Commanding Officers of Corps, that all coverings made of Boards, 
be built in the form of barracks and in the most advantageous manner, at the same time so 
contrived as to be warm and comfortable in cold weather. 

All Passes to be discontinued for the future, and no persons to be admitted into the Lines, 
unless introduced by an Officer, who can vouch for him, or by Order of the Officer command- 
jng in the Lines. 

It being represented that the present Hospital, is not large enough to contain the sick, 
Lieu' Governor, Oliver's house, is to be cleared for that purpose, and care to be taken that no 
injury is done to it. 

Notwithstanding the strict and repeated Orders, that have been given against tiring small 
arms, it is hourly practised, All Officers commanding Guards, posts and detachments, to be 
alert in apprehending all future Transgressors. 

Cap' Clarke of General Putnam's Regiment confined in Arre.st. for " neglect of duty when 
upon guard", tried by a late General Court Martial, is acquitted and is immediately to be 
released from his arrest. 

Levi Woods, Soldier in Cap' Nuttings Company, in Col Prescott's Regiment confin'd for 
" absenting himself without leave and refusing to take the Oath, & threatening to leave the 
army": The Court Martial upwn the prisoners pleading guilty, and promising to behave 
obediently for the future, recommended him to the General's mercy, who is pleased to pardon 
the prisoner. 



Letters of Washington. Miscellaneous. "Vol. i, f. 28; Transcript A, Vol. i, / — ; 
Continental Congress, No. ij2, "Vol. i, /. 47 ; N'o. i6g, 'Vol. i, /. — . 

TO CONGRESS. 

Camp at Cambridge July 27. 1775. 
Sir 

Nothing material has occurr'd in either Camp since I had 
the Honour of addressing you on the 21^' Inst' by Express. 
But on Tuesda.y 3 Men of War & 9 Transports sailed out 
of Boston Harbour & stood a Course about E. S. E. 

One 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 63 

One Groves who came out of Boston the same Evening 
informed the Officer at one of the Out Posts, that the Trans- 
ports had on Board 600 Men & were bound to Block Island, 
Fishers Island & Long Island to plunder them & bring off 
what Cattle they may find. The Fellow returned again into 
Boston under such suspicious Circumstances that it has led 
me to doubt the Truth of his Intellicrence. 

A Deserter who came in afterwards informs me that it was 
given out in their Camp, that they were either gone for Indians 
or fresh Provisions, and that each Transport had but 20 Men 
on board. Upon this Intelligence I immediately wrote to Gov. 
Cook of Rhode Island, & to General Wooster that they might 
proper Precautions for removing the Cattle of those Islands & 
the Coasts, and to prevent any Surprize. As we are con- 
firmed by ever)- Account in the Scarcit)^ of fresh Provisions in 
the Enemy's Camp, and particularly by this Deserter who says, 
they have had none since the Battle of Lexington, it is very 
probable this Voyage may be only intended for a Supply. But 
as it may possibly be otherwise I thought it best to transmit 
the Intelligence to the Hon. Congress that they may forward 
it to the Southward or take such other Step as they may judge 
proper. 

Since writing the above 3 more Deserters have come out 
which makes four in 24 Hours. Their Accounts correspond 
with those of the first who came out. & which I have related 
above. 

[Sent by the Constit. Post.] 

Letters of Washington. Misce/laneons. Vol. i, /. 32. 

TO GENERAL SCHUVLER. 

Cambridge Camp, July 27, 1775 
Sir 

Yesterday a Deputation from the Provincial Congress of 
New Hampshire attended me with a Request that three Com- 
panies raised in their Province & now posted on Connecticut 
River at & between the two Comps commanded by Capt^ 
Timothy Rudle, James Osgood & John Parker might be con- 
tinued 



64 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 

tinned for the Security of the Frontiers of that Province on the 
continental EstabHshment: As it did not appear to me that 
their request could be complied with & as I apprehend you 
may have more immediate Occasion for them than I have, I 
thought it proper to give you the earliest Notice where they 
are that if you think proper you may order them to join the 
Troops under your Command, In which Case you will please 
write to Matthew Thornton Esq' President of the Provincial 
Congress. Each Company consists of 65 Men including 
Officers & are reported to me as able bodied stout active 
Fellows used to the woods capable of any Duty and having an 
Acquaintance with Canada — But you will please to remember 
that they must continue under their own Officers to whom 
they are attached & subject only to superiour Command. — We 
have had no Transaction of any Consequence since I wrote 
you last. Our Army is in good Health & Spirits well supplied 
with all kinds of Provisions. The Situation of the Enemy is 
directly the Reverse & we have Reason to think Desertions 
will be very great four have come out within the last 24 Hours. 



Letters of Washington. Miscellaneous. Vol. i,_/". 29. 

TO GOVERNOR TRUMr>ULL. 

July [27 or 28] 
Sir 

I am to acknowledge your Favour of the ly'*" Inst\ inform- 
ing me of the Destination of the Troops raising in your Colony : 
As the Season is now advanced & the Enemy considerably 
reinforced we have the utmost Reason to believe expect any 
Attack that may be made will not be much longer delayed : I 
should therefore think it highly necessary the new raised Troops 
should join the Army with all possible Expedition. Upon 
Inquiry with Respect to the Flower I do not find our Neces- 
sities to be such as to require an immediate Transportation 
durinof the Harvest, but as soon as it can be sent with Con- 
venience you will please to give Directions for that Purpose. 
Col. Trumbull will advise you to what Place it is to be addressed 

and to whose care. 

Agreeable 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 65 



Agreeable to your Intimation I have ordered the Express 
to wait on you & shall do so in future. 

We have had no Occurrence In the Camp of any material 
Consequence. On both sides we are strengthning- our Lines 
in full view of each other. 

[Sent by Fessenden, the Express.] 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 89, f. 14. 

[In Congress.] 

Phi LAD'' July 27. 1775 
Resolved That the Sum of Twenty -five Thousand Dollars be paid by the Continental 
Treasurers to Reese Meredith, George Clymer, Samuel Meredith, & Samuel Mififlin Merchants 
in Philadelphia, and that the like Sum of Twenty-five Thousand Dollars be paid by the said 
Treasurers to Philip Livingston, John Alsop, & Francis Lewis Merch'^ at New York, to be by 
them applied to the Purpose of importing Gun Powder for the Continental Armies, and that 
they be AUow'd out of the same. Five per Centum for their Trouble and Expences therein, 
that they keep all their proceedings as much as possible a Secret, from every other person, but 
the Congress and the General of the Continental Forces for the Time being, that they keep up 
a Correspondence with the said General, and make such Dispositions of the Powder they may 
import as he shall order. 

By order of the Congress 

John Hancock President 



[Order.] 

Head Quarters, Cambridge, July 27"' 1775 
Parole, Bciiford. Counter sign, Guilford. 

John Trumbull Esq"' being appointed Aid': D : Camp to his Excellency the Commander 
in Chief; He is to be obeyed as such. 

A Court of enquiry to sit to morrow Morning at eight oClock, in the Tutor's Chamber 
(M'' Hall) Lo examine into a Complaint exhibited upon Oath, in the pul)lic news papers against 
AP Benjamin Whiting, now a prisoner in the College; All Evidences and Persons concern'd 
to attend the Court. 

For the future when any Deserters come to any of the out Guards, they are with the least 
delay to be sent by a Corporals Guard, to the next Guard in the Lines, who is mimediately to 
escort them in the same manner to the Major General commanding that division of the Army, 
who as soon as he has examined ihem will forthwith send them under a proper Escort from 
his guard to the head quarters : Some Deserters being made drunk, who came last night from 
the Enemy, before they reached Head Quarters ; It will be considered as a Breach of orders 
in any person, who gives Rum to Deserters, before they are examined by the General. 

A Subaltern Officer's guard to be mounted to morrow morning, at eight oClock, at a cer- 
tain distance from the small pox Hospital ; the Officer to come this evennig, at six, oClock, 
to the Adjutant General for orders. 



Letters oj Washington. Miscellaneous. Vol. i,/] 33. 

TO GENERAL SCHUYLER. 

July 28, 1775. 
Dear Sir 

I wrote you yesterday by Way of New York & in 2 Hours 

afterwards was favoured with yours of the 15. & 18*. Ins'. 

with their respective Inclosures. I was extremely glad to 

find your first Apprehensions of an Incursion by the Indians 

in 

w. p. 5. 



66 WASHINCxTON PAPERS. [July, 

in some Degree removed by the later Advices : At the same 
Time I think it is evident from the spirit & Tenor of Col. 
Johnsons Letter that no Art or Influence will be left untried 
by him to engage them in such enterprize. Should he once 
prevail upon them to dip their Hands in Blood mutual Hos- 
tilities will most probably ensue & they may be led to take a 
more decisive Part. All Act^ I think agree that the Canadians 
are very averse to engage in this unnatural Contest. But I 
am persuaded you will not abate in the least your Vigilance 
to expedite every Movement in that Quarter notwithstanding 
their present pacifick Appearances. I am much easier with 
Respect to the publick Interest since your Arrival at Ticonde- 
roga, as I am persuaded those Abilities & that Zeal for the 
common Welfare which has led your Country to repose such 
Confidence in you will be fully exerted. From my own Ex- 
perience I can easily judge of your Difficulties to introduce 
Order & Discipline into Troops who have from their Infancy 
imbibed Ideas of the most contrary kind. It would be far 
beyond the Compass of a Letter for me to describe the 
Situation of Things here on my Arrival : perhaps you will 
only be able to judge of it from my assuring you that mine 
must be a Portrait at full Length of what you have had in 
Miniature. Confusion & Disorder reigned in every Depart- 
ment which in a little Time must have ended either in the 
Separation of the Army or fatal Contests with one another. 
The better Genius of America has prevailed & most happily 
the ministerial Troops have not availed themselves of their 
advantages till I trust the Opp^ is in a great Measure past 
over. The Arrangement of the General Officers in Massa- 
chusetts & Connecticut; has been very unpopular — indeed I 
may say injudicious: It is returned to the Congress for farther 
Consideration & has much retarded my Plan of Discipline. 
However we mend every Day & I flatter myself that in a little 
Time we shall work up these raw Materials into good Stuff. 
I must recommend to you what I endeavour to practice myself 
Patience and Perseverance. As to your Operations my dear 
Sir, I can suggest nothing which your own good Judgment 

will 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 67 

will not either anticipate or controul from your immediate 
View of Things & the Instructions of the continental Congress. 

The express from hence to England with the Ace' of the 
Commencement of Hostilities at Lexington has returned. It 
was far from making the Impression generally expected here — 
Stocks fell but lyi ^. O. Gen. Gages Ace'' had not arrived 
& the Ministry affected to treat it as a Fiction — Parliam' had 
been prorogued two Days but it was reported it would be 
immediately recalled, — Our Enemy continues strongly posted 
about a Mile from us, both at Bunkers Hill & Roxbury: But 
we are not able to get any Information of Their future Inten- 
tions — Part of the Riffle men are come in & the rest daily ex- 
pected. 

I did not expect your Returns would be very compleat at 
first but I must beg your attention to reforming them as soon 
as possible. And I beg leave to add that I would have you 
scrutinize with Exactness into the Application of Provisions 
& Stores I have the utmost Reason to suspect Irregularities 
and Impositions here. You will be fortunate if the Contagion 
does not reach you. 

Gen* Lee has removed ab' 4 miles from me, but I will take 
the first Opp^' to make your kind Wishes known to him — Col. 
R. & Major M. Join me in the best Wishes for your Health 
& Success. 



Letters of Washington. Miscellaneous. Vol. i,/ 31. 

COL. REED TO COLONEL BALDWIN. 

Headquarters, July 28. 1775. 

Sir 

In full Confidence of your prudence & Secrecy as a Soldier, a Man of 
Honour & a Friend to your Country, the General has directed me to com- 
municate to you a Scheme he is about to put in Execution to obtain constant 
& authentick Intelligence from Boston. The Plan is this. The inclosed 
Letter will be delivered by you to one Dewksbury who lives about 4 Miles 
from you towards Shirly Point — He will deliver it to a Waterman whom he 
can depend on who will convey it to one John Carnes a Grocer in the South 
Part of Boston. The Answers & such Intelligence as he can procure will be 
be forwarded to you thro the same Channell : which you are to transmit to 

his 



68 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 



his Excell^' by Express immed^' — As the Success of the Project & the life of 
the Man in Boston may depend upon your Conduct let it not escape you to 
the nearest Friend on Earth & for fear of Accident destroy this Letter as 
soon as you are sufficiently Master of its Contents — When you see Dewks- 
bury give him the above Caution in the strongest Terms: And so to pass 
from him to the other — Your good Conduct & Discretion in this Matter will 
not fail to be duly noticed. 

I, am Sir, Your most obed 

J Reed 

Seer 
[Enclosing letter from D'' Church.] 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 6, /'. 159. 

FROM PEREZ MORTON. 

Council Chamber Watertown July 28"' 1775 
Sir. 

Your Letter of the 21^' Instant, to the Speaker of the Honb'" House of 
Representatives, was by them referred to this Board; who are of Opinion, 
that gaols of Worcester, Springfield & Northampton, are the most suitable 
places for securing the Prisoners, and therefore recommend that they be sent 
to one or more of these Places. 

I am Sir your most obedient Humble Servant 

Perez Morton 

Secr^ pro temp: 

Letters to Washington. Vol. 6,/ 158. 

[ Intelligence.] 

Chelsea July 28"' 1775 h^lf ^^^r 4 o Clock 
May it Please your Excellency 

Agreable to your order I send the following oliservations taken by the Centry posted upon 
Powder Horn Hill. From about 7 oClock A. M. to 2 oC"' P. M. one Ship gone out, three 
Ships & two Tenders Coming in. about 12 Boats pass'* from Boston to Charlestown Light 
Loaded, or almost Emty. three Boats pass'^ from Charlestown to Boston Very heavy loaded 
with Men. 

I would beg leave to ask your Excellency whether it was the intent & meaning of your 
Orders to Send an Express to Headquarters every day when there is nothing more occurs than 
has for two days pass*^. 

These from your Excellency's most Obediant Servant 

Leammi Baldwin Lieu Coin. 



[Order. ] 

Head Quarters, Cambridge, July 28"', 1775. 

Parole, Ciiuiberland. Counter sign, Brookline. 

The Surgeons of Learnerds, Heath, Little, Phinney and Parsons Regiments, having 
neglected to deliver in the Returns of the sick of their respective Regiments, to the Adjutant 
General, these Returns to be delivered forthwith, and the Surgeons of those Corps, are to be 
more exact in their obedience to orders. 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 69 

Letters to Washington. Vol. 6, /'. 160 & 166. 

[ Intelligence. 1 

Chelsea July 29"' 1775 2 oClock P M 
May it please your Excellency 

About twelve oClock this day we were all alarmed by the approach of a Boat to Winni- 
simmit Ferry & by a Signal soon found them to be friends who Landed with their Houshold 
good there ware several of my Intimate acquaintance I have taken the names of all the 
Passengers and stop"* the Letters which I now Send for your Inspection & Beg your Excel- 
lency would Send them Back to me again as soon as possable as the Bairers are some of them 
in weighting and others are to Call again tomorrow for theirs Please to Keep the Inclosed 
Letters in their Respective Covers. 

I would Beg your Excellency would Send me some Assistance as the Boats are to Con- 
tinue passing ( That is if zue can believe General Gage) and Somthing may Escape for want 
of Proper assistance that may turn to our disadvantag 

Our officers are very sick here I have much upon my hands & mind, sienc I Rec'd M"" 
Reed Letter last Night. Hope & Earnestly Expect some assistance and your Excellencies 
Orders as soon as the necessity of the mater Requires 

I great hast I am Sir your Excellences most Obedient Humb^ Servn' 

LoAMMi Baldwin Liu Colo 

P. S. Should be much Oblig'' to your Excellency if you would vSend down a few Sheets 
of Paper & Wafers as I cannot Procure any about here and am out. 

Pray Sir Excuse the Imperfections in this leter 



July y'^ 2<f^ 

A Return of the Observations of the Day 

At 9 oclock a Schooner Came in from Sea into Boston and anchored a Bove the Castel 
and 3 Boats went from Boston to Charlestown Laden with Men. and at 12 oclock 2 Ships 
Came in to Nantasket Road from Sea. 

At 2 oclock a Schooner went out to Sea from Boston and 2 Boats from Boston went up 
to the floting Batteries laden with men and Returned to Boston empty. 

At 2 oclock a Schooner went to Sea and 2 Boats Came from Boston to the Ferry with the 
inhabitants and Return to Boston in order for More. 

At 3 oclock 4 Boats went over from Boston to Charlestown Neck with Men. 



[Orders.] 

Head Quarters, Cambridge, July 2(f^ iJJS- 
Parole, Dartmouth. Counter sign, Corke. 

A Serjeant and six Men to parade at the Head quarters at eleven oClock, to escort certain 
prisoners and Deserters to Worcester, this party to be victualled for this day and to morrow : 
The Serjeant will receive his orders from the Adjutant Gen' 

M"^ Benjamin Whiting tried by a Court of enquiry ordered in the General Orders of the 
27"' Instant, whereof Lieu' Col James Brichatt was president; The Court having maturely 
considered the Evidence, for and against the Prisoner, as well as what the Prisoner had to 
offer in his defence, are of opinion that the prisoner is not guilty of the Crime laid to his 
charge, and do therefore acquit the prisoner: The General therefore orders the prisoner to be 
released. 

James M'Daniel, tried by a General Court martial, whereof Col Glover was President for 
" forgeing an Order of General Putnams to obtain a quart of Rum, and for abusive Language 
to Col Gridley" and ordered to receive twenty Lashes. The General confirms the sentence, 
and orders it to be executed after prayer time to morrow. 

James Foster of Cap' Butlers Company in Col Nixon's regiment, tried by the same Gen- 
ei-al Court Martial for "robbing D'' Foster, .Surgeon of the General Hospital" found guilty of 
the charge, is sentenced to receive thirty-nine Lashes, and suffer one Ivlonth's fatigue. The 
General approves the Sentence, and orders it to be put in execution, at the Head of the Regi- 
ment, after prayer time to morrow morning. 

William Winslow of Cap' Perkins's Company of Artillery tried by the same Court Martial 
for "stealing a Cannon Cartridge of powder", is acquitted. 



JO WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 



Head Quarters, Cambridge, July 30**^ i775- 

Parole, Essex. Counter sign, Dublin. 

William Tudor Esq'' being appointed Judge Advocate of the Continental Army, he is in 
all things relative to his Office, to l:>e acknowledged and obey'd as such. The Drummers & 
Fifers of the Regiment in and about Cambridge, are to be order'd constantly to attend the 
Drum and Fife Major, at the usual hours for instruction. 



Contmoital Congi-ess, No. 1^2, Vol. i, /". 79; No. i6g, Vol. i, f. 22. 

TO GENERAL COURT OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY. 

Camp at Cambridge July 31^' i775 
Sir 

I have Considerd the AppHcation'^' made me yesterday, from 
the General Court, with all the attention due to the situation 
of the People in whose Behalf it is made, & the Respect due 
to such a Recommendation. 

Upon referring- to my Instructions and Consulting with those 
Members of Congress who are present as well as the General 
Officers ; they all agree that it would not be consistent with 
my duty to detach any Part of the Army now here on any 
Particular Provincial Service. It has been debated in Con- 
gress and Settled that the Militia or other Internal Strength 
of each Province is to be applied for Defence against those 
Small and Particular Depredations which were to be expected, 
& to which they were supposed to be Competent. This will 
appear the more proper, when it is Consider'd that every Town 
& indeed every Part of our Sea Coast which is exposed to 
these Depredations would have an equal Claim upon this 
Army: It is the misfortune of our situation which exposes us 
to these Ravages, against which in my Judgment no such 
Temporary relief would possibly secure us. The great Ad- 
vantage the Enemy has of Transporting Troops by being 
Masters* of the Sea will enable them to harrass us by Diver- 
sions of this kind ; and should we be tempted to pursue them 
upon every Alarm, The Army must either be so weaken'd as 

*In House of Representatives July 29^11, 1775 — Resolved, that Doct' Church, M^ Woodbridge and 
Mr Sewall, with such as the Honb'e Board shall join, be a Committee to wait on his Excellency General 
Washington, & inform him of the distress'd Situation of the Inhabitants of the Eastern pans of the Colony ; 
aud know of him, if he can, Consistent with his Instructions, and the General Service, order a Detachment 
there, to prevent the Enemy from Ravaging the Country, and plundering the Inhabitants of their Cattle, 
Sheep, Wood &c ; to Supply — themselves. 

to 



I775-] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 7 1 

to Expose it to Destruction or a great Part of the Coast be 
still left unprotected: 

Nor indeed does it appear to me that such a Pursuit would 
be attended with the least Effect : The first notice of such an 
Incursion would be its actual Execution ; and long before any 
Troops could reach the Scene of Action. The Enemy would 
have an Opportunity to Accomplish their Purpose & retire. 
It would give me great Pleasure to have it in my Power to 
extend Protection and Safety to every Individual, but the Wis- 
dom of the General Court will Anticipate me in the Necessity 
of Conducting our Operations on a General and Impartial 
Scale, so as to exclude any first Cause of Complaint and 
Jealousy. 

I beg Sir you will do me the Honour to Communicate 
these Sentiments to the General Court and to Apologize for 
my Involuntary Delay: As we were alarm'd this Morning by 
the Enemy & my Time taken up with giving the Necessary 
Directions. 

I shall be happy in every Opportunity of shewing my very 
great Respect and Regard for the General Court of Massa- 
chusetts Bay. 

Letters to Washington. Vol. 6, f. 163. 

FROM NICHOLAS COOKE. 

Providence July 31='. 1775 
Sir 

I am favored with your Excellency's Letter of the 26* instant ; having 
just before the Receipt of it had Accounts by a private Hand of the Sailing 
of a Number of Men of War and Transports from Boston ; which I conjec- 
tured were designed to supply the Enemy with fresh Provisions. I immedi- 
ately sent the Intelligence to Block Island together with a Quantity of Pow- 
der, Ball and Flint to enable them to defend their Property, and gave them 
Assurances of further Assistance if necessary. 

We have no Accounts of this Fleet from any Part of our Coast ; so that 
I think it probable they were destined to the Eastward. 

I desire your Excellency to oblige me with a Return of the Army ; and 
when any Thing of Importance occurs I shall esteem an early Communica- 
tion of it a Favour. 

I am with great Truth and Regard, Sir 

Your Excellency's Most humble and most obedient Servant 

NiCHO CoOKE. 



72 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 

Letters to Washington. Vol. 6, f. 169. 

FROM GENERAL SCHUYLER. 

TicoNDEROGA July 31*' 1775 
Dear General 

Since my last I have been most assiduously employed in preparing Mate- 
rials for building boats to Convey me across the Lake the progress has 
hitherto been slow as with few hands I had all the Timber to Cut, Mills to 
repair to Saw the plank, and my draught Cattle extrearaly weak for want of 
feed the drought having Scorched up Every kind of Herbage. I have now 
one boat on Stocks which I hope will carry near three hundred men. an- 
other is putting up to day. provisions of the Bread kind are scarce with 
me and therefore I have not dared to order up a thousand men that are at 
Albany least we should starve here. 

I have had no Intelligence from Canada since my last to you. Major 
Brown has been gone nine days and I expect him back if all is well by Sat- 
urday next. 

August 2^ 

I have not had a return from General Wooster since my Arrival I am 
therefore under the necessity of making you a return of the troops here only. 

Inclose your Excellency Copy of two affidavits made by persons from 
Canada. I have transmitted other Copy's to the Congress. 

I am extreamly anxious to hear from your part of the world, reports 
prevail that a body of troops have left Boston and are gone to Canada. If 
so I fear we shall not be able to penetrate Into Canada, or even Attack S' 
Johns with Success, tho at all Events I am ordered to go there. 

I am Your Excellency's Most Obedient & Most Hum*" Serv' 

Ph : Schuyler 

I wish I could make you a regular return even of the troops at this place 
and Crown point, but I have not yet got these people to be regular in any- 
thing and therefore beg you to dispence with the following state' — Fit for 
duty, I Colonel 3 Majors 9 Captains i Captain Lieutenant 21 Subalterns 34 
Serjeants 18 Drums and fifes, 933 Rank and file i Chaplain 2 Adjutants 
I Quartermaster i Surgeon <& 2 Mates. Sick — i Lieutenant 4 Serjeants 2 
Drums 103 Rank and file. 

[Answered August 15.] 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 6, / 167. 

FROM JONATHAN TRUMBULL. 

Lebanon 31^' July 1775. 
Sir. 

By the Resolve in Congress of the 19* instant, it is recommended to the 
New England Colonies to compleat the Deficiencies in the Regiments belong- 
ing to them respectively. 

I have 



1 775-] WASHINGTON PAPERS. J ^ 

I have not been informed of any Deficiency in the Number of Troops 
sent from Connecticut. It is recommended also to this Colony to compleat 
and send forward to the Camp before Boston as soon as possible the fourteen 
hundred men lately voted by our Assembly. The 25 instant I sent orders to 
the Colonels of the last raised Regiments, to march forthwith to the Camp 
before Boston, by subdivisions if all were not in readiness. Expect many of 
the Companies will begin their March this Day. And that the whole will 
move forward very soon. 

The Hon''''' President Hancock in his Favour of the 22"^^ instant informs 
That you had recomended, and the Congress have appointed M' Joseph 
Trumbull Commissary General of the American Army. I am also informed 
that you have taken M'' John Trumbull into your Service and Family. These 
instances of kindness shewn them justly claim my most grateful acknowl- 
edgements : A performance of their Duty answerable to your Expectation, 
will meet your approbation and continuance of Regard, and afford me pecu- 
liar satisfaction and Pleasure. 

The Rose, Swan, and King Fisher Ships of War. with a smal Tender the 
26* instant came into the Harbour at New London, on the 27*. some men 
landed near the Light House, broke off the nutts and plugged up with old 
Files three or four Cannon they sailed out again on Friday last. It is re- 
ported M' Collector Stuart is packing up his effects, in Order to Leave 
that Port. 

I am, with great Truth and Regard 

Your Excellency's most obedient and humble Servant 

JONTH: Trumbull 

[Answered by Major Johnson.] 

Letters fo Washington. Vol. 6, /. 161-162. 

[ Intelligence.] 

Chelsea July 31^' 1775 
May it Please your Excellency 

This covers the Observations of part of yesterday & today 

Should be glad to know in what manner I am to procceed with the people that come out 
of Boston, in order to prevent there going into Camp. 

two boats only have come with Passengers from Boston this Day. the first Brought Col" 
Ingersoll who Informed me that there was one Regular Officer & Several other persons badly 
wounded brought to Boston Just as he came away which was about Eight or Nine oClock 
A. M. and that there went from Boston in the Night meaning Last night a large number of 
Granedears & Light Infantry in larg flat bottom Boats for the Southward Shore it was suposd 

I should be glad to know your Excellencyes Pleasure with regard to all the letters that 
come out of Boston whether my Inspection should be sufficient to let any pass that I should 
think proper or whether you would chuse to see them all yourself 

There are People now waiting to know your Excellencys Answer that want to proceed 
into the Country Supose if they pass me as a number did before I had your Order they 
may if they are so dispos'' go into the Camps and I am now obliged to let them go about 
among the neighbour for suport as they Brought nothing of that nature with them 

I would Inform your Excelency that I was up and with my Men upon the Hills neighest 
our Enemy part of last night & this morning till the Sun 2 or 3 hours high and watch* them 
Very critically but could not discover any thing Worth troubling your Excelency about 
I am your Excellencys most Obedient Serv"' 

Laommi Baldwin Liu Colo 

I send the letters that I have stop'* today hop I shall Receive them by the hand of the 
Bairer with your directions 

July 



74 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [July, 



July 31 

A Return of the Observations of the Day 

At 3 oclock Yesterday one Ship went to Sea From Boston and at 4 13 r>oats went from 
Boston to Charlestown Laden with Men and horses 

From 6 to 8 this Morning 2 Ships went to Sea and stood to the Eastward and 8 Boats 
from Boston to Charlestown Laden with Men and a Bout 7 oclock an armed Ship went down 
to Long island and 6 Boats From Charlestown went over to Boston with whimen at 10 one 
Ship Bound out 4 Boats Coming from Long island to the Castel. 

At 1 1 oclock one Brig went to Sea 

From 12 to 2 oclock 40 Boats Laden with men went from Boston to Charlestown and the 
Sloop that went Down in the Morning is at Nantasket Road. 



[Okdek.] 

Head Quarters, Cambridge, July 31"', 1775. 
Parole, Falkland. Counter sign Eden f on. 

The Continental Congress having been pleased to appoint Joseph Trumbull Esq'' to be 
Commissary General to the army of the United Colonies : All Commissaries heretofore appointed 
by any of the distinct Colony Congresses, or by particular Authority of any particular district 
or colony, are forthwith to make an exact Return of the provisions, and all the different Species 
of provisions, they have in, or near the Camps, at Cambridge and Roxbury; thereupon Com- 
missary Clen' Trumbull being assured by the report of his Clerk, assistant, or from his own 
examination, that such Return is just and true, is to give his Receipt for the quantity deliver'd 
into his hands, which receipt will be a good Voucher, in the passing the accompt of the dif- 
ferent Colony Commissaries, heretofore appointed, and will be allowed as such. 

The Commissaries, at present appointed by the several Colonies; are forthwith to make 
up their Accounts unto the third of August inclusive; ready to be laid before the Commander 
in Chief, and by him transmitted to the Continental Congress; or to be adjusted and finally 
settled by him, as the Continental Congress shall think proper to direct. 

A Return signed by the Commanding Officers of regiments and Corps, to be delivered 
to the Adjutant General to morrow morning, at general orderly time, of the Names, Ranks & 
Dates of the Officer's Commissions, in their respective Regiments and Corps, mentioning also 
the Vacancies, and how occasioned. 

A General Court Martial to sit immediately, to try Captain Christopher Gardner, of Col 
Varnums Regiment for " Cowardice, abandoning his post and deserting his men." All Evi- 
dences and persons concern'd to attend the court. 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 6, f. 173. 

FROM ELBRIDGE GERRY. 

Chamber of Supplies Watertown Aug' i. 1775 
May It please your Excellency 

Mr. Cheever has applyed this afternoon for 200,000 small arm Cartridges 
in Consequence of an Application from y" Adjutant General, to answer y" 
Demand of Major General Lee. 

Mr. Cheever is able to furnish ab' 36000 It being y^ whole Quantity now 
made, & there remains but 36 barells in Store of y'' Quantity collected from 
y*" Towns in this Colony & reed from the others this side Maryland. 

there are also about two Tons of Lead & not any Flints in Store, of 
which We think it necessary to give immediate Information. 

We are in daily expectation of some Powder from y'' West Indies, but 
cannot say what success our plan will meet with ; indeed We have exerted 
ourselves to obtain It several Ways which may be communicated at a more 

convenient 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 75 

convenient opportunity. With respect to Lead & Flints Col° porter was 
despatched sixteen Days since for New York for 2 hh'^ Flints and 10 Tons 
Lead but we have heard nothing from him since. We are ready to exert to 
y*" utmost to serve y^ Cause, provided y" Commissary General desires it for 
y*' present, the powder shall be sent immediately if ordered or be made 
into Cartridges as soon as may be. 

We are Sir respectfully your most ob Ser'^ 

Elbridge Gerry pres. 



Letters to Washington, Vol. 6, /! 175. 

FROM RICHARD HENRY LEE. 

Philadelphia i^' August 1775 
Dear Sir, 

After the fatigue of many days, and of this in particular, I should not sit 
down at eleven oClock at night to write to a Gentleman of whose goodness 
of heart I have less doubt than I have of yours. But well knowing that you 
will pardon what flows from good intentions, I venture to say that my hopes 
are, you will find from what the Congress has already done, and from what I 
hope they will do tomorrow, that it has been a capital object with us to make 
your arduous business as easy to you as the nature of things will admit. The 
business immediately before us being finished, the approaching sickly season 
here, and the great importance of our presence in the Virg'' Convention, 
have determined a recess of a Month, it standing now, that the Congress 
shall meet here again on the 5"' of September. The capital object of pow- 
der wQ have attended to as far as we could by sending you the other day six 
Tons, and tomorrow we shall propose sending six or eight Tons more ; which, 
with the supplies you may get from Connecticut, -and such further ones from 
here, as future expected importations may furnish, will I hope enable you to 
do all that this powerful article can in good hands accomplish. We under- 
stand here, that Batteries may be constructed at the entrance of the Bay of 
Boston so as to prevent the egress & regress of any Ships whatever. If this 
be fact, would it not Sir be a signal stroke to secure the Fleet &: Army in and 
before Boston so as to compel a surrender at discretion. While I write this 
I assure you my heart is elated with the contemplation of so great an event. 
A decisive thing, that would at once end the War, and vindicate the injured 
liberties of America. But your judgement, and that of your brave Associates, 
will best determine the practicability of this business. I think we have taken 
the most effectual measures to secure the friendship of the Indians all along 
our extensive frontiers, and by what we learn of the Spirit of our Conven- 
tion, now sitting at Richmond, a Spirit prevails there very sufficient to secure 
us on that quarter. The particulars of their conduct I refer you to M'. Frazer 
for, who comes fresh from thence, & who goes to the Camp a Soldier of 
fortune — You know him better than I do, and I am sure you will provide for 

him as he deserves. 

We 



76 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [August, 

We are here as much in the dark about news from England as you are, 
the London Ships having been detained long beyond the time they were ex- 
pected. The indistinct accounts we have, tell us of great confusion all over 
England, and a prodigious fall of the Stocks. I heartily wish it may be true, 
but if it is not so now, I have no doubt of its shortly being the case. 

I will not detain you longer from more important affairs, than to beg the 
favor of you, when your leisure permits, to oblige me with a line by Post, to 
let us know how you go on. 

There is nothing I wish so much as your success, happiness, and safe re- 
turn to your family and Country, because I am with perfect sincerity dear Sir 
Your alTectionate friend and countryman 

Richard Henry Lee 



Letters to IVasJiington . Vol. 89, /. 16. 

[In Congress. ] 

August i. 1775 — Philadelphia. 

Resolved That the Sum of Five hundred Thousand Dollars be immediately forwarded from 
the Continental Treasury to the Pay Master General to be Applied to the Use of the Army in 
Massachusetts Bay in such manner as General Washington, as the Commander in Chief for 
the Time being, by his Warrants shall Limit and Appoint — And if the above Sum shall be 
Expended before the next meeting of the Congress, then, that. General Washington be 
impower'd to Draw upon the Continental Treasury for the Sum of Two hundred Thousand 
Dollars in favour of the Pay Master General to be Applied for the Use & in the manner above 
mention'd. 

Onier'd, That the Delegates for Pensylvania be a Comittee to Receive & Count the above 
Sum of Five hundred Thousand Dollars & forward the same under the Care of the Delegates 
for the Massachusetts Bay, provided so much is now ready in the Treasury, if that is not the 
case, then to Receive Count & forward by the said Delegates what is Ready, and the Remain- 
der by the first Opportunity in the safest & best manner. 

By Order of the Congress. 

John Hancock President 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 89, / 22. 

STATE OF APPOINTMENTS & PAY ORDER'D BY THE CONGRESS. 

Dollars. 

I General & Commander in Chief allow"'^ p Month.. 500 

4 Major Generals, each " " " 166 

The Major General acting in separate Departm' " " " 332 

8 Brigadiers General " " " 125 

I Adjutant General " " " 125 

I Deputy Adjutant General " " " 5° 

I Commissary General of Stores & provisions " " " 80 

I Deputy Ditto " " " 60 

I Quarter Master General " " " 80 

1 Deputy Ditto " " '• 4° 

2 Chief Engineers, each " " " 60 

4 Assistants Ditto, each " " " 20 

Aid DeCamp, each " " " ZT) 

1 Secretary to the General " " " 66 

1 D" to the Major General in separate Departm' " " " ZZ 

I Commissary General of the Musters " " " 4° 

I Deputy Ditto " " " 4° 

5 Brigade Majors, Ditto " " " 'il 

I Commissary 



1 775-] WASHINGTON PAPERS. ^'] 



I Commissary of Artillery allow'^'^ ^ Month.. 30 

I Judge Advocate " " " 20 

Colonell " " " 50 

Lieut Colonell " " " 40 

^^^o-" " " " i>yA 

Captain " '< " 20 

Lieutenant " " " 13K 

p]nsign " " " 10 

Serjeant " " " 8 

Corporal " " '< 71/ 

Drummers & Fifers, each " " « yi/ 

Privates, each " " " 6^ 

Adjutant " " " \%y^ 

Quarter Master " " " igi^ 

Chaplain " " " 20 

Light Infantry same pay as in the Regiment. 

Artillery, Viz' Captain " " " 26^ 

Captain Lieut' " " " 20 

I"' Lieutenant " " " 183/ 

2<* Ditto " " " 181^ 

Lieut' Fire Worker " " " '^zYi 

Serjeant " " " 8)^ 

Corporal " " " 7^^ 

Bombardier '< " " 7 

Matrosses " '< " 6f 

That the Appointment of Provost Marshall, Waggon Master, & Master Carpenter be left 
to the Commander in Chief of the Army, & that their pay be left to the Commander in Chief 
of the x\rmy, and that the General have the Appointment of other necessary persons in inferior 
Stations, & that their pay be left to the General, he observing the same proportion, that the 
pay of the Officers in the Ministerial Army bears to the pay of our officers. 

Mt Michael Hillegras & M' George Clymer appointed Continental Treasurers. 

Colonell Thompson Commanding the Battalion of Rifle Men Rais'd in the province of 
Pensylvania has had an Advance of Five Thousand Dollars for the use of that Battalion, he 
to be Accountable to the General & the Pay Master, that the proper Stoppage be made. 

James Wan-en Esq"" Appointed Pay Master General Jon'' Trumbull Jun Esq"" Pay Mas' in 
York Departm' Benjamin Church Jun'' appointed Director & Chief Physician of the Hospitalls. 

By order of the Congress. 

John Hancock President. 



Letters of IVashhigtcm. Orders to Officers. B. Vol. i, No. 2, 

ORDERS FOR THE OFFICER COMMANDING THE DETACHMENTS GOING ON COM- 
MAND TO WORCESTER WITH PRISONERS TAKEN FROM THE ENEMY. 

You are to proceed with the Detachment under your Command to Worces- 
ter, taking under your care Two Serjeants, Two Corporals & Twenty One 
Private Soldiers of the Ministerial Army. And Twelve Torys, who have been 
aiding and abetting General Gage and his adherents ; you are to deliver them 
to the Chairman of the Committee, at Worcester who is hereby enjoin'd to 
Order a Detachment from the Militia of that Town, to Escort them to Spring- 
field. And deliver them to the Committee there ; where they are to be secur'd, 
so as to be forthcoming whenever an Exchange of prisoners, or a happy recon- 
ciliation between Great Britain and her Colonies shall take place. Given at 
Head Quarters at Cambridge this i^' day of August 1775. 

Horatio Gates, 

Adjutant General 

N. B. one of the Marines Left Wounded at Cambridge, which reduces that 
number to Twenty private. 



jS) WASHINGTON PAPERS. [August, 

Letters to IPashington. Vol. &, f. 17 1. 

FROM LAOMMI BALDWIN. 

Chelsea Augt. i. 1775 
Sir, 

I am just informed that there was this forenoon about 1400 regulars 
paraded in Boston, and afterwards marched out in order to go over to 
Charlestown Heights as they call Bunker hill. Suppose they are all over be- 
fore this time. Another person told me there was not more than 1000 men, 
and that they were going to reinforce Bunker hill. 

Send the observations as usual. It gives me unspeakable satisfaction that 
my conduct is approved of by the General. Nothing that lies in my power 
to perform shall be wanting to render his Excellency's command easy and 
life happy. That success & victory may attend his endeavor, is the sincere 
wish of his & y' Honor's most humble serv', 

LoAMMi Baldwin Lt Col. 

P. S. I trust you will give the enclosed to the General. 



[ Intelligence. ] 

august i**^ 

A Return of the Observations of the Day From 3 oclock Yesterday to 8 7 Boats went 
from Boston to Charlestown with horses and Men. 

From 4 to 6 in the Morning 3 Boats from Boston to Charlestown Laden with Men. at 8 
oClock 9 Boats Laden with Men. 

From 8 to 12 one small Schooner Came in from Sea and 3 Boats from Long Island Came 
to Boston 

At I oclock a Boat Came from Boston with the inhabatance to the ferry here 

At 2 oclock 5 Boats from Boston to Charlestown Laden with Men and horses and one 
Boat from Boston to Winnesimit ferry with the inhabitance 



Continental Congress, No. 152, Vol. I,/ 83; No. i6g, Vol. i,/. 24. 

FROM BELCHER NOYES TO NATHANIEL NOYES. 

Boston August i. 1775. 
My Dear Son 

Have received no Letter from you since May 27. which I duly Answ*' 3 June by M" Wail. 
I wrote you May 25. both which hope came safe to your hands. Since the Battle at Charles- 
town some conjecture the Destruction of this Town is intended, for what purpose can't deter- 
mine. We are now got to the Beginning of August and nothing turns up in favor of America. 
The General Talk now is that the English Troops are going to leave this Town, this seems 
evident from several things that are taking place; Vizt': General Gage's family are going to 
England : Mess''** Auchmuty, Sewall &c. & others of that Stamp are going some to England 
and else where. I am pretty Confident the Army can't be Supported in this Town the ensuing 
Winter. Provisions Scarce and bad, no fuel, nor Money. People are Jealous they will plun- 
der and demolish the Town when they go off. Last Week there was a Notification posted 
up, that all those who were desirous to leave the Town to give in their Names to James Ur- 
quhart Town Major. & in two days time upwards of 2000 entered their Names, & passes are now 
granted with this Adition to the former restriction — viz'. No Plate of any kind, nor more 

money than _;,^5 Sterling. The rout is by way of Winnisimmett, Several have gone off by 

which 



1 775-] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 79 



which means have an Opportunity of writing you. I have it in my mind to go to M'' Little's 
at Newhuiy in Case I can accomplish it. I shall place Somebody in the House in Order to 
Secure your Effects which I wish you had taken with you, or disposed of them before you 
went away. I have been Jealous they will be seized, for they have Served Several Persons 
that have left the Town after this Sort, this has given me great Anxiety. On the receipt of 
this endeavour to write me your Mind. M"" Welles the Mason lives at Chelsea by which 
means a Letter may be convey'd, be cautious what you write — this will facilitate my intentions 
& if you want any thing to be sent among our things it can be done. I shall depend on your 
Assistance and Advice, If I can go to Newbury thro' Andover will call and see you in our 
Way. Not knowing where Capt Little may be I write him & enclose you to forward which 
desire you to do with all Speed. 

The Dysentery has prevail'd in this Town & been very mortal especially among Children 
also among the Soldiers of whom near 30 are buried in a Week as the Sextons say. D"^ Byles 
Sen'' buried his Wife last Wednesday. No Bells are permitted to toll for any Funerals on 
Account of the Sickness and Mortality among the Soldiers. Out of Ninety Officers, wounded 
above half have died. Several persons of Figure and Character viz'. One Coll" and Three 
Majors. There is no harmony. 

Lately x\rrived a Vessell from New Providence by whom I heard of your Brother's Wel- 
fare, but no Letter, others inform me he is in a poor State of Health and inclined to a Con- 
sumption have •wrote him Several Letters by Vessells lately gone for Provisions for the Army 
and Navy. I am fearful what I shall hear from him. My determination depends on hearing 
from you which I desire may be as soon as possible. I intend to propose to M'' Keif or some 
other suitable Person to take the house in Case I leave Boston, shall take the Best Care I can 
of your Furniture but if the Town is to be demolished, it will be needless. The Custom of 
the Shop has been but trifling, some days Scarce a penny. The Light House was burnt as it 
is said by Order of ye Continental Congress, and in Return for that Compliment they are dis- 
mounting Castle William, I believe for want of Men to defend it. Since April 1 9. there have 
died of the Army including what were Slain in Battle June 17. near 2500, so that what Troops 
have arrived will not make good their Loss. But I dare not enlarge. Our Anxiety at times 
has been great for you as well as ourselves. We constantly bear you on our Minds and remem- 
ber you in Our Prayers to Almighty God and hope the best of Covenant Blessings will be the 

Portion for you and your Consort. 

We are your Affectionate p' 

N 
B. " A. 
Dyed in ye Town 
June 5. John Borland Esq'' 

22 Eliakem Hutchinson Esq'' of ye Small Pox 
July 12 Phillip Cooke 

14. John Cotton Esq"" D?" Secretary 
23. Wife of Docf Byles Sen' 
Ruth Bulfinch — at 79 
Andrew Fanuel Phillips 
P. S. Since I finished this Letter, Passes are deny'd to Alefi, without Special Leave 
Seal the enclosed and forward 



[Order. J 

Head Quarters, Cambridge, August i" 1775 

Parole, Gibraller. Countersign, Fairfield. 

The General thanks Major Tupper, and the Officers and Soldiers under his Command, for 
their gallant and soldier-like behaviour, in possessing themselves of the enemy's post at the 
Light House, and for the Number of Prisoners they took there, and doubts not, but the Con- 
tinental Army, will be as famous for their mercy as for their valour. 

Two 



8o WASHINGTON ' PAPERS. [August, 



Two Sub^ two Serjeants, one Drum and thirty Rank and File, to parade at Head Quarters 
at Noon; to escort the prisoners to Worcester. The Commanding Officer will receive his 
orders from the Adjutant General. 

For the satisfaction of all concerned ; The General directs the following Resolution of the 
Legislature of this Colony to be inserted in General Orders, viz: 

" IN HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

"Watertown 29* July 1775. 

" Whereas sundry Complaints have been made, by some of the Soldiers raised by this 
Colony, that they have not received the allowance pay of Forty Shillings, agreeable to the 
Resolution of Provincial Congress, therefore Resolved, that a Committee be appointed forth- 
with, to apply to the Colonels of the several Regiments, raised by the Colony, and to the 
Muster Masters and Pay Masters in the Camp, at Cambridge and Roxbury; and obtain of 
them a complete List of the Non Commissioned (Jfficers and Soldiers, in their respective 
regiments, distinguishing those that have been muster'd and paid; from those that have not, 
that such Methods may be pursued, as shall remove all just ground of Complaint — read and 
ordered, that Colonel Gushing and M"' Webster, with such as the Honorable Board shall join 
be a Committee for the purpose above mentioned. 

" Sent up for concurrence. 

"James Warren, Speaker. 

" In Council, read and concurred, and Col Lincoln is join'd. 

"Albt P: Morton, Secy." 

The Officers commanding Massachusetts Regiments, will pay all due Attention to the fore- 
going resolution. 

One Man a Company, to be appointed a Camp Colour man, from every Company in every 
Regiment in the Army, whose particular duty it must be to attend the Quarter Master and 
Quarter Master Serjeant, to sweep the streets of their respective encampments, to fill up the 
old Necessary Houses and dig new ones, to bury all Offal, Filth, and Nastiness, that may 
poison or infect the health of the Troops; and the Quarter Masters are to be answerable, to 
their Commanding ( )fficers for a strict observance of this order, and by persevering in the 
constant and unremitted Execution thereof, remove that odious reputation, which (with but too 
much reason) has stigmatised the Character of American Troops. The Colonels and Com- 
manding Officers of Regiments, are to be answerable to the General, for all due obedience to 
this order. 

The General finding it is not uncustomary, for Officers to take the Liberty, of absenting 
themselves from Camp without leave, and going home; for the future, any Officer found guilty 
of so glaring an offence, against all Order and Discipline, and setting so bad an' Example to 
the Non Commissioned Officers and Soldiers, under their Command; such Officer or Officers 
so offending,. may depend upon being punish'd with the utmost severity. 

Least the late successes against the Enemy, should occasion any relaxation in the Alert- 
ness of the Troops, the (jeneral recommends it in the strongest manner, to all the Officers and 
Soldiers of the Continental Army ; to be the more vigilant in their duty, and watchful of the 
enemy; as they certainly will take every advantage of any supiness on our part. 



Letters io Washington. Vol. 6, /. 181. 

FROM GENERAL SULLIVAN. 

Winter Hill August 2'' 1775 
May it Please Your Excellency 

I have Examined into the State of the Ammunition in my Department & 
find Remaining in the Magazine of the Powder Supplied from New Hamp- 
shire 19 Barrels of 100 w' each, Scarcely any Ball, & no flint except what 
the Soldiers are possessed of: They are in General well Provided with amu- 
nition for one Ingagement we have 50 Rounds of Cartridges to Each Can- 
non that is mounted, which is all the Ammunition for the P]rigade assigned To 
Your Excel lencys most obed' Serv' 

Jn° Sullivan 



1775-1 WASHINGTON PAPERS. 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 6, f. 179. 

FROM ELBRIDGE GERRY. 

Chamber of Supplies Watertown August 2'' 1775 
May it please your Excellency 

Col" parker is just arrived from New York & has so far succeeded in his Business that ab' 
So,ooo Flints & eight Tons of Lead are expected here Saturday next : It arrived at Hart- 
ford Sunday & Monday last. 

Col" Campbell y*^ Deputy Quartermaster informed Col" porter at New York that fifteen 
hogsheads of powder had arrived there & that he should give your Excellency immediate 
Notice thereof. 

I apprehend We can have half a Ton Lead cast into Ball a Day, being provided with 
Moulds sized from 16 to 32 Balls to y'^ pound, perhaps twice that Quantity on Emergency. 

Col" Burbeck reed 16 half barells powder this Morning, before y'^ Committee were ap- 
prized of it by y"^ Agent of Supplies; but we have given orders for stopping all y'' ammuni- 
tion unless expressly ordered by your Excellency. 

Col" porter is desired to wait on you this afternoon & We remain with great Respect 
sir your most ob^ Ser 

Elbridge Gerry pres. 

P. S. Orders are to go to the Qarm immediately for powder. 

P. S. The subject of a Letter last Evening was of such a Nature that M''. Cheever was 
not made acquainted therewith, which We mention to your Excellency that your Mind may 
be easy with respect to y^ Secrecy of it 



Letters to IVashin^toii. Vol. 109, f. 9. 

[In Council. ] 

August 2^ 1775 
Ordered, that M"' Greenleaf, M'' Winthrop & M'' Palmer be a Committee, to wait on his 
Excellency, General Washington, and to request him to inform this Board of the Extent of the 
Powers, delegated to him by the Honourable Continental Congress, 
a True Copy, Att' 

Perez Morton 
Secr^ pro temp : 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 6, /. 177-178. 

[ Intelligence. ] 



Chelsea Aug. 1^. 1775 



May it Please your Excellency 

Inclos'' are the Observations taken by the Sentinal posted upon Powder horn Hill and also 
two Letters in one Cover Directed to M'' Nath'. Noyes, Andover, which I thought Proper to 
Send for your Excellencies Perusal. 

Nothing Extraordinary has hapened sence yesterday Two Boats only have Come over 
Passengers from Boston this day 

I am your Excellencys most Obediant Humb'^ Servn'. 

LoAMMi Baldwin Liu' Col" 



Aug'. 2". 1775 
A Return of the observations of the Day august y" 2'' 

From 2 to 4 yesterday 14 Boats past from Boston to Charlestown Laden with Men and 6 
Returning empty 

From 4 to 8 16 Boats went over to Charlestown Laden and saw one Ship standing in from Sea. 
At 6 this Morning a Ship and a Ikig Came in from Sea and 3 Boats went From Boston to 
Charlestown Neck Laden with Men. 

At 
w. P. — 6 



82 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [August, 



At 9 one Schooner Came in from Sea at lo 3 Boats Laden with Men from Boston to 
Charlestown. 

At II oclock 9 Boats went from Boston to Charlestown Laden with Men and 11 Returned 
to Boston Laden and Sat a bilding on fire at penny ferry 

At 2 oclock 2 Boats Came from Boston to the ferry with the inhabitance lo Boats from 
Boston to Charlestown Laden with Men and at 4 oclock 9 Return to Boston with Men and 
one floting Battery Coming Down Cambridge River 



[Order.] 
Head Quarters, Cambridge, August 2"'' 1775 

Parole, IlalUfax. Counter sign, Geneva. 

Cap' Oliver Parker of Col Prescotts Regiment, tried by a General Court Majtial whereof 
Col Glover was President, for " defrauding his men of their advance pay, and by false Returns, 
imposing upon the Commissary, and drawing more Rations than he had men in his company, 
and for selling the provisions he by that means obtained" is by the Court found guilty of the 
whole charge against him and sentenced to be cashiered, mulcted of all his pay and rendered 
incapable of future service. 

Cap' Christopher Gardner of Col Varnums regiment, in the Rhode Island Brigade, tried 
by a General Court martial, whereof Col Thomas Church was president, for " deserting his 
post," is found guilty of the Crime, and unanimously sentenced to be cashiered, as incapable 
of serving his country in any military capacity. 

The (General approves both the above Sentences, and orders the Commanding Officers of 
the Regiments, to see the prisoners dismissed the army. 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 109, f. 10. 

from the new YORK PROVINCIAL CONGRESS. 

New York Aug' 3'^ 1775 
Sir. 

We are informed in a Letter from the Continental Congress that the General would make 
out the Commissions for our Regiments to such Persons as this Congress should recommend; 
but are at a loss to know whether you, or General Schuyler are to issue the Commissions. 

We understand however that they have been transmitted to you. If this should be the 
the Case, and the Commissions are to be filled up by General Schuyler, We beg you will send 
them to him or us without Delay. If they are to be filled up by your Excellency, we submit 
it, whether, to prevent Delay, it would not be proper to send them in blank to General Schuy- 
ler, or to us, that the Names may be filled up agreeable to the Arrangement made by this 
Congress. The number of Commissions wanted will be about two hundred. We are with the 
greatest Respect Your Excellency's Most Obedient humble Servants 

By Order. 

P. V. B. Livingston President. 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 6, f. 182. 

FROM MOSES BLOOMFIELD. 

WoODBRiDGE, New Jersey 3"^. August 1775 
At a General Review of the Regiments of the Northern Division of the County of Mid- 
dlesex, under the Command of Colonel Nathaniel Heard at the Township of Woodbridge in 
said County, a certain George Hendrick Fisher, who it appears has no Family or fixed resi- 
dence in this Country was brought Prisoner under Guard of a body of Men from Piscataway, 

and 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 



and who it appears has been Guilty of the charges contained in the enclosed Declaration ■* 
And at the request of Lieutenant Colonel Dun, Chairman of the Committee of Piscataway 
before whom said Fisher was yesterday examined, and convicted. A board was formed con- 
sisting of sundry Members of the Committee of Woodbridge, Perth Amboy and Piscataway, 
who having ordered the Prisoner before them to make his defence and take his Tryal, pro- 
ceeded to examine and try the Matter and it appearing upon a Candid and Impartial Enquiry 
that said Fisher is Guilty of the charges proved against him ; the united Committees aforesaid 
Unanimously adopted and confirmed the Opinion of the Committee of Piscataway ; and upon 
Mature deliberation, Order that the said George Hendrick Fisher be sent under a strong 
Guard to the Company of Rifle Men that left this Town this Morning and by them be care- 
fully escorted to the Camp at Boston, there to remain Prisoner, or to be otherwise dealt with 
at the discretion of the General Officers; And the said Fisher as a just reward for his insults 
was ordered into the Field and Drummed out before the Regiment. 

Signed by order of the United Committees 

Moses Bloomfield, Ch*. 

Attest : John Conway, Clerk. 



Letters of Washington. F. Vol. i. No. 2. 

COUNCIL OF WAR. 

At a Council held at Cambridge Head Quarters August 3** 1775- 

Present His ExcelP' General Washington 

Major Gen' Ward & Lee & Puttnam 

Brigadier Gen' Thomas Heath Spencer Sullivan Green Gates 

The General communicated sundry Letters respecting the State of the Ammunition which 
appears to be far short of the Return made some Time ago, & having explained in what Man- 
ner the Mistake had happened desired the Opinion & Advice of the Generals present on this 
Subject. Upon the Returns now made the whole Stock of the Anny at Roxbury & Cambridge 
& the adjacent Posts consists of 90 Bbbl^ or thereabouts. 

It was proposed to make an Attempt on the Magazine at Halifax where there is Reason to 
suppose there is a great Quantity of Powder. And upon the Question being severally put it 
was agreed to by a great Majority, & that the Detachment for this Enteiprize consist of 300 
Men. 

Also to endeavour to collect a Supply from the neighbouring Provinces of New Hampshire, 
Rhode Island & Connecticut. 



Letters to Washington. Vol. 6, / 1 85-1 86. 

[ Intelligenxe. ] 

Chelsea August 3*. 1775 
May it Please your Excellency 

This covers the observations of the day to this time Two ferry Boats Came on shore at 
the ferry ways about 12 last night with about 20 Passenger from Boston and the Signal upon 
Powder horn hill was Just Erected denoting more coming am just going down to the ferry 
Nothing Extraordinary Occur'd since I wrote last 

I would beg leave to ask your Excellency whether I might attemt to move the old wreck 
now on the ferry ways which greatly obstructs the Passenger in bringing up their good at 
Low water. 

I am your Excellencys Most Obedeant Humb Serv' 

LoAMMi Baldwin Liu Col 

A Return of the observations of the Day august 3"* 

From 4 to 8 yesterday one Ship and a Schooner Came in from Sea at 7 one Brig went 
to Sea and stood to the Eastward and 4 Boats went to Charlestown Laden with men at 3 
this morning 3 Boats went from Boston to Charlestown Laden with Men From 3 to lo 

*See Appendix. 

oclock 



84 • WASHINGTON PAPERS. [August, 



oclock 14 Boats went to Charlestown Laden with Men and horses and 7 Returned to Boston 
with Men at 12 oclock II Boats went from Boston to Charlestown and 2 Ships standing in 
along from Sea and 2 small Schooners Coming in at 2 oclock 10 Boats from Boston to 
Charlestown Laden with Men and 2 Boats from Boston with the inhabitance to the Ferry 



[Order.] 

Head Quarters, Cambridge, Augiist 3'''* 1775- 
Parole, Ireland. Counter sign, Hartford. 

When any plunder is taken from the Enemy (not excepted by the Continental Articles of 
war) such plunder must be all surrender'd to the Commanding Officer, and as soon as con- 
venient after his arrival at Head Quarters, public Notice must be made, that an Auction will 
be held in the front of the Encampment for the sale thereof the next day at noon, and the 
money arising therefrom, is to be equally divided between the Officers and Men, that took it. 
This Order is not to be construed to extend, to permitting unlawful and irregular plundering; 
as any Officer, or Soldier, who shall be found guilty thereof, will be punished with the greatest 
severity. 

All the Armourers, belonging to any of the regiments in the three Brigades, posted in the 
Lines, or in Cambridge, and those employed in the Artillery ; to be at Head Quarters by eight 
oClock, to morrow morning, and none will be entitled to any pay hereafter, who does not 
attend at that time. 



Letters of Washington. JMiscellaneous. Vol. i, /'. 41 ; Transcript A, Vol. i, /. 23; Con- 
tinental Congress, iVo. ij2. Vol. i, /. 51 ; -^"c- ^69, Vol. i, /! 9. 

TO CONGRESS. 

Camp at Cambridge August 4* 1775 
Sir 

I am to acknowledge the Receipt of your Favour of the 
24''' July accompanied by 284 Commissions, which are yet much 
short of the necessary Number. I am much honoured by the 
Confidence reposed in me of appointing the several Officers 
recommended in mine of the 10'*" ult. ; and shall endeavour to 
select such Persons, as are best qualified to fill those important 
Posts. 

General Thomas has accepted his Commission & I have 
heard nothing of his Retirement since, so that I suppose he is 
satisfied. 

In the Renewal of those Commissions some Difficulties 
occur, in which I should be glad to know the Pleasure of the 
hon^'' Congress. The General Officers of the Massachusetts, 
have Regiments, those of Connecticut, have both Regiments, 
& Companies, & the other Field Officers have Companies 
each. From Rhode Island, the General Officer has no Reofim', 

but 



1775- ] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 85 

but the Field Officers have Companies. But I do not find 
they have, or expect Pay under more than one Commission. 
Should the Commissions now to be delivered supercede these 
different Establishments, there will be a Distinction between 
General & Field Officers of the same Rank. In Order to put 
New Hampshire, Massachusetts & Rhode Island upon a Line 
wilh Connecticut, it would be necessary to dismiss a Number 
of Officers in Possession of Commissions, without any Fault 
of theirs; on the other Hand, to bring the Connecticut Gen- 
erals, and Field Officers to the same Scale with the others, will 
add to the Number of Officers, & may be deemed incon- 
sistent with the Terms on which they entered into the Service, 
altho you add nothing to the Expence, except in the Article 
of Provisions. Upon the whole, it is a Case, which I would 
wish the Hon''' Congfress to consider and determine. 

Col. Gridley of this Province, who is at the Head of the 
Artillery has the Rank of Major Gen' from the Provincial Con- 
gress. Will it be proper to renew his Commission here in the 
same Manner? It is proper here to remark, that in this Case 
he will take Rank of all the Brigadiers General, & even the 
Majors General, whose Commissions are subsequent in Date, 
& can answer no good Purpose, but may be productive of 
many bad Consequences. 

These are Matters of some Importance, but I am embar- 
rassed with a Difficulty of a superiour kind. The Estimate 
made in Congress, supposed all the Regiments to be formed 
upon one Establishment, but they are different in different 
Provinces ; & even vary in the same Province, in some Par- 
ticulars. In Massachusetts, some Regiments have Ten Com- 
panies, others Eleven ; The Establishment of the former is 590 
Men Officers included, of the latter 649. The Establishment 
of Rhode Island, & New Hampshire is 590 to a Regiment, 
Officers included. Connecticut has 1000 Men to a Regfiment. 
Should the Massachusetts Regiments be completed ; with the 
new Levies from Rhode Island & Connecticut and the Riffle 
Men, the Number will exceed 22,000. If they should not be 
completed, as each Regiment is fully officer'd, there will be a 

heavy 



86 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [August, 

heavy Expense to the Pubhck without an adequate Service. 
The Reduction of some of them seems to be necessary & yet 
is a Matter of much Dehcacy, as we are situated. I most 
earnestly request it may be taken into immediate Considera- 
tion, & the Time & Mode of doing it, pointed out by the 
Hon''' Congress. By an Estimate I have made, from the Gen- 
eral Return, when the new Levies arrive, & the Regiments 
are completed there will be 24,450 Men on the Pay & Provi- 
sion of the united Colonies. Some of the recruiting Officers 
who have been out on that Service, have returned with very 
little Success, so that we may safely conclude, the Number 
of 2064 now wanting to complete will rather increase than 
diminish. There are the Regiment of Artillery consisting of 
493 Men, & one under Col. Sergeant who has not received 
any Commission, altho he had Orders to raise a Regiment 
from the Provincial Congress here, which are not included in 
the above Estimate. This last Regiment consists of 234 Men 
by the last Return, but a Company has since joined. 

By adverting to the General Return, which I have the 
Honour of inclosing (No. i,"") it will be seen what Regiments 
are most deficient. 

If the Congress does not chuse to point out the particular 
Regiments, but the Provinces in which the Reduction is to be 
made, the several Congresses and Assemblies may be the 
proper Channell to conduct this Business : which I should also 
conceive the most adviseable, from their better Acquaintance 
with the Merits, Terms, & Time of Service of the respective 
Officers. Reducing some Regiments, & with the Privates 
thereof, filling up others would- certainly be the best Method 

♦general RETUKN of the army of the united colonies commanded by his excellency GEORGE 
WASHINGTON ESQUIRE GENERAL AND COMMANDER IN CHIEF. 

Head Quarters at Cambridge, July 29''' 1775 
Massachusetts Bay regiments 26. & 4 Independ' companies Connecticut regiments 3. New Hamshire 
regiments 3. Rhode Island regiments 3. 

Total of present commissioned officers, 30 Colonels 31. L' Colonels. 35 Majors. 289 Captains. 511. Lieuten- 
ants 73 Ensigns. Total of present Staff officers 14 Chaplains. 34. Adjutants. 35. 2<J Masters. 35 Surgeons. 
30 Master — Total of non commissioned officers. 1202 Serjeants. 612. Drums & fifes. Rank and file present fit 
for duty 13899. Sick present 1330. Sick absent. 1690 — on furlough. 287. On Command 692. Total rai;l< fc 
file 16898 — Wanting to compleat. 124 Serjeants. 105 Drums and fifes. 2079 privates. 

Horatio Gates 

Adjutant General. 
Colo Sargents regiment not included in the above return. 

of 



'775-] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 8/ 

of accomplishing this Work, if it were practicable ; but the 
Experiment is dangerous, as the Massachusetts Men under 
the Priviledge of chusing their own Officers, do not conceive 
themselves bound if those Officers are disbanded. 

As General Gage is making Preparations for Winter, by 
contracting for Quantities of Coal ; it will suggest to us the 
Propriety of extending our Views to that Season. I have 
directed that such Huts as have been lately made of Boards, 
should be done in such a Manner, that if necessary they may 
serve for covering during the Winter, but I need not enlarge 

upon the Variety of Necessities such as Clothing, Fuel, &c. 

both exceedingly scarce & difficult to be procured, which that 
Season must bring with it; if the Army, or any considerable 
Part of it is to remain embodied. From the Inactivity of the 
Enemy since the Arrival of their whole Reinforcement, their 
continual Addition to their Lines, & many other Circum- 
stances, I am inclined to think that finding us so well prepared 
to receive them, the Plan of Operations is varied, & they mean 
by regular Approaches to bombard us out of our present Line 
of Defence, or are waiting in Expectation that the Colonies 
must sink under the Weight of the Expence ; or the Prospect 
of a Winters Campaign, so discourage the Troops as to break 
up our Army. If they have not some such Expectations, the 
Issue of which they are determined to wait ; I cannot account 
for the Delay, when their Strength is lessened every Day by 
Sickness, Desertions, & little Skirmishes. 

Of these last, we have had only two worthy of Notice: 
Having some Reason to suspect they were extending their 
Lines at Charles Town, I last Saturday Evening, ordered some 
of the Riffle Men down to make a Discovery, or bring off a 
Prisoner. They were accidentally discovered sooner than they 
expected ; by the Guard coming co relieve, & obliged to fire 
upon them : We have Reason to believe they killed several. 
They brought in two Prisoners whose Ace' confirmed by some 
other Circumstances removed my Suspicions in part. Since 
that Time we have on each Side drawn in our Gentries, & 
there have been scattering Fires along the Line. This Even- 



88 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [August, 

ing we have heard of three Captains who have been taken off 
by the Riffle Men & one killed by a Cannon Shot from Rox- 
bury besides several Privates ; but as the Intelligence is not 
direct, I only mention it as a Report which deserves Credit. 
The other happened at the Light House. A Number of 
Workmen having been sent down to repair it with a Guard of 

2 2 Marines and a Subaltern, Major Tupper last Monday Morn- 
ing about 2 'Clock landed there with about 300 Men, attack'd 
them killed the Officer, & 4 Privates ; but being detained by 
the Tide, in his Return he was attack'd by several Boats, but 
he happily got through with the Loss of one Man killed & 
another wounded. The Remainder of the ministerial Troops, 

3 of which are badly wounded, he brought off Prisoners, with 
10 Tories all of whom are on their Way to Springfield Gaol. 
The Riffle Men in this Skirmish lost one Man who we hear is 
a Prisoner in Boston Gaol. The Enemy in Return endeavoured 
to surprize our Guard at Roxbury, but they being apprized of 
it by a Deserter, had Time to prepare for it ; but by some 
Negligence or Misconduct in the Officer of the Guard, they 
burnt the George Tavern on the Neck ; & have every day since 
been cannonading us from their Lines both at Roxbury & 
Charlestown, but with no other Effect than the Loss of two 
Men. On our Part except straggling Eires from the small 
Arms about the Lines which we endeavour to restrain, we have 
made little or no Return. Our Situation in the Article of 
Powder is much more alarming than I had the most distant 
Idea of. Having desired a Return to be made out on my 
Arrival, of the Ammunition, I found 303^^ Bbbl's of Powder 
mentioned as in the Store: But on ordering a new Supply 
of Cartridges yesterday, I was informed to my very great 
Astonishment, that there was no more than 36 Bbbls of the 
Massachusetts Store, which with the Stock of Rhode Island, 
New Hampshire & Connecticut makes 9937"' — not more than 
9 Rounds a Man : As there had been no Consumption of 
Powder since, that could in any Degree account for such a 
Deficiency, I was very particular in my Inquiries, & found that 
the Committee of Supplies, not being sufficiently acquainted 

with 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 89 

with the Nature of a Return, or misapprehending my Request, 
sent in an Account of all the Ammunition, which had been 
collected by the Provinces so that the Report included not 
only what was in Hand, but what had been spent. Upon dis- 
covering- this Mistake, I immediately went up to confer with 
the Speaker of the House of Representatives, upon some 
Measures to obtain a Supply from the neighbouring Town- 
ships, in such a Manner, as might prevent our Poverty being 
known, as it is a Secret of too great Consequence to \)e 
divulged in the general Court, some Individual of which might 
perhaps indiscreetly suffer it to escape him, so as to find its 
Way to the Enemy, the Consequences of which, are terrible 
even in Idea. I shall also write to the Governours of Rhode 
Island, & Connecticut, & the Committee of Safety in New 
Hampshire on this Subject, urging in the most forcible Terms, 
the Necessity of an immediate Supply if in their Power. I 
need not enlarge on our melancholy Situation ; it is sufficient 
that the Existence of the Army, & the Salvation of the Coun- 
try, depends upon something being done for our Relief both 
speedy and effectual, & that our Situation be kept a profound 
secret. 

In the Inclosures (N° 2 & 3) I send the Allowance of Pro- 
visions &c, made by the Provinces of Connecticut & Massa- 
chusetts, the Mode & Quantity are different from what has 
fallen within my Experience, & I am confident must prove very 
wasteful, & expensive. If any alteration can be safely made, 
(which I much doubt) there might be a great Saving to the 
publick. 

A Gentleman of my Family, assisted by a Deserter who 
has some Skill in Fortification, has by my Direction sketchd 
out two Draughts of our respective Lines, at Charles Town 
& Roxbury, which with the Explanations will convey some 
Idea of our Situation, and I hope prove acceptable to the Mem- 
bers of the honourable Congress, They are the Inclosures 
(N°4&5). 

Since I had the Honour of addressing you last, I have been 
applied to, by a Committee of the General Court for a Detach- 
ment 



90 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [August, 

ment of the Army, to protect the Inhabitants of the Eastern 
Parts of this Province, from some apprehended Depredations 
on their Coasts. I could have wish'd to have compHed with 
their Request ; but after due Consideration, & consulting the 
General Officers, together with those Members of Congress, 
who are here, I thought it my Duty to excuse myself The 
Application, & my Answer are the Inclosures N° 6 & 7,* which 
I hope will be approved by the honourable Congress. 

Since I began this Letter, the Original of which the In- 
closure N° 8f is a Copy, fell into my Hands ; as the Writer is a 
Person of some Note in Boston, & it contains some Advices 
of hnportance not mentioned by others, I thought proper to 
forward it as I received it. By comparing the Handwriting 
with another Letter, it appears the Writer is one Belcher 
Noyes, a Person probably known to some of the Gentlemen 
Delegates from this Province; who can determine from his 
Principles & Character what Credit is due to him. 

The Army is now formed into three grand Divisions, under 
the Command of the Generals Ward, Lee & Puttnam. Each 
Division into two Brigades, consisting of about 6 Regiments 
each, commanded by Generals Thomas, & Spencer at Rox- 
bury; Heath at Cambridge, Sullivan & Green at Winter Hill. 
By this you will please to observe, there is a Deficiency of one 
Brigadier General, occasioned by M' Pomroys not acting under 
his Commission, which I beg may be filled up as soon as pos- 
sible. I observe the Hon*"' Congress have also favoured me 
with the Appointment of three Brigade Majors ; I presume 
they have, or intend to appoint the rest soon, as they cannot 
be unacquainted that one is necessary to each Brigade, & in a 
new raised Army it will be an Office of great Duty & Service. 

General Gage has at length liberated the People of Boston, 
who land in Numbers at Chelsea every Day, the Terms on 
which the Passes are granted as to Money Effects & Pro- 
visions correspond with M' Noyes's Letter. 

We have several Reports that General Gage is dismanding 
Castle William and bringing all the Cannon up to Town, but 

♦Enclosure 7 is printed on p. 70. fSee p. 78. 

upon 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 9 1 

Upon a very particular Inquiry, Accounts are so various that I 
cannot ascertain the Truth of it. 

I am sorry to be under a Necessity of makingr such frequent 
Examples among the Officers when a Sense of Honour, & the 
Interest of their Country might be expected to make Punish- 
ment unnecessary. Since my last, Capt. Parker of Massachu- 
setts for Frauds both in Pay, & Provisions, & Capt. Gardiner 
of Rhode Island for Cowardice in running away from his Guard 
on an Alarm, have been broke. As nothingf can be more fatal to 
an Army, than Crimes of this kind, I am determined by every 
Motive of Reward & Punishment to prevent them in future. 

On the first Inst' a Chief of the Caornewasfa Tribe, who lives 
about 6 Miles from Montreal, came in here, accompanied by 
a Col: Bayley of Cohoss. His Accounts of the Temper & 
Disposition of the Indians, are very favourable. He says they 
have been strongly sollicited by Gov. Carlton, to engage 
against us, but his Nation is totally averse: Threats, as well 
as Intreaties have been used without Effect. That the Cana- 
dians are well disposed to the English Colonies, and if any 
Expedition is meditated against Canada the Indians in that 
Quarter will give all their Assistance. I have endeavoured to 
cherish these favourable Dispositions, & have recommended 
to him to cultivate them on his Return. What I have said, I 
enforced with a Present which I understood would be agree- 
able to him, and as he is represented to be a Man of Weight, 
& Consequence in his own Tribe, I flatter myself his Visit 
will have a good Effect. His Accounts of Gov. Carl tons Force 
& Situation at S' Johns correspond with what we have already 
had from that Quarter. 

The Accession of Georgia, to the Measures of the Con- 
gress is a happy Event & must give a sincere Pleasure to every 
Friend of America. 

August 5'^ 

We have Accounts this Morning of two Explosions at the 
Castle, so that its Destruction may now be supposed certain. 

I have this Morning been alarmed with an Information that 
two Gentlemen from PhilacP (M' Hitchbourn & Capt. White) 

with 



92 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [August, 
I ■ 

with Letters for General Lee & myself have been taken by 
Capt, AyscoLigh at Rhode Island, the Letters intercepted & 
sent forward to Boston with the Bearers as Prisoners. That 
the Captain exulted much in the Discoveries he had made & 
my Informer who was also in the Boat but released understood 
them to be the Letters of Consequence. I have therefore 
dispatch'd the Express immediately back, tho' I had before 
resolved to detain him till Fessendens Return. I shall be 
anxious till I am relieved from the Suspence I am in as to the 
Contents of those Letters. 

It is exceedingly unfortunate that Gentlemen should chuse 
to travel the only Road on which there is Danger. Let the 
Event of this be what it will I hope it will serve as a general 
Caution against trusting any Letters that Way in future. 

Nothing of Corlsequence has occurr'd in the Camp these 
two Days. The Inhabitants of Boston continue coming out at 
Chelsea, but under a new Restriction that no Afen shall come 
out without special Licence — which is refused to all Mechanicks 
since the Tory Laborers were taken at the Light House. 

Stni by Alexander, the Express. 
[Read before Congress, Sept. 13.]* 



[Enclosure No. i.f] 

May 1775 

The Order and Direction from the General Assembly of the Colony of Connecticut, to their 
Commissary, for Issuing Provisions to the Troops, by them raised for the Defence of their 
Rights and Priviledges 

34"' Pork — or i'^ Beef ^ diem — Fish 3 times j* Week. 

i'" Bread — or Flour per diem. 

3 pints Beer ^ diem or Spruce Sufficient — and Nine Gallons Molasses to a Company 'P 
Week. 

]/2 pint Rice, or i pint Meal T 
6 oz Butter i^ |? Week 

3 pints Peas, or Beans J 

I pint Milk f) diem 

3"' Candles to a Company "-^ Week 

Soap 24"', or 4** worth a Company *n>- ^^'eek 

Vinegar 2 (iallons ^^ Company '^ Week 

Chocolate 6"' "fr^ Company 'jr) \Veek 

Sugar 3"' ^' Company ^ Week 

I Gill Rum 'p Man ; on fatigue days only 

Provission made for the Hospital at discretion of the Physicians and Surgeons 

The Rations, will Cost when Pork is Issued 11'' %^ diem; when fresh Beef 10''. 



* Congress had adjourned on August i to meet on September 5, but from the small attendance on that day, 
a further adjournment was made to September 13. [W. C. F.] 

[fThe other enclosures mentioned in General Washington's letter will be fiumd under their respective 
dates.— W. C. F.] 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 93 



[ Enclosure No. 2.] 
[ In Provincial Congress. ] 

Watertown, June 10, 1775. 
Resolved, that each Soldier in the Massachusetts Army, shall have the following Allowance 
^ Day, viz : 

Article i — One Pound of Bread. 

Article 2 — Haifa Pound of Beef, and half a Pound of Pork; and if Pork cannot be had, 
one pound and a quarter of Beef. 

And one Day in Seven, they shall have one Pound and one (Quarter of Salt Fish, instead 
of one Day's Allowance of Meat. 

Article 3 — One Pint of Milk, or if Milk cannot be had, one Gill of Rice. 

Article 4 — One Quart of Good Spruce or Malt Beer. 

Article 5 — One Gill of Pease or Beans, or other Sauce equivalent. 

Article 6 — Six Ounces of good Butter ^ Week. 

Article 7 — One pound of Good Common Soap, for Si.\ Men ^ Week. 

Ardcle 8 — Half a pint of Vinegar ^ Week, f)'' Man, if it can be had. 

Joseph Warren, President 
Attest Samuel Freeman Secry 



Letters of Washington. Miscellaneous. Vol. i, f. 38. 

TO GOVERNOR COOKE. 

Camp at Cambridge Aug. 4. 1775 

Sir 

I was yesterday favoiir'd with yours of the 31' July — We 
have yet no certain Account of the Fleet which sailed out of 
Boston the 25'^ but if our Conjecture & Information are just 
we may expect to hear of it every Hour. I am now Sir, in 
strict Confidence to acquaint you that our Necessities in the 
Article of Powder and Lead are so great as to require an 
immediate Supply : I must earnestly entreat you will fall upon 
some Measures to forward every Pound of each in the Colony 
which can possibly be spared : It is not within the Propriety 
or Safety of such a Correspondence to say what I might upon 
this Subject: It is sufficient that the Case calls loudly for the 
most strenuous Exertions of every Friend of his Country & 
does not admit of the least Delay — No Quantity however 
small is beneath Notice & should any arrive, I beg it may be 
forwarded as soon as possible : But a supply of this kind is so 
precarious not only from the Danger of the Enemy but the 
opp^' of purchasing that I have revolved in my Mind every 
other possible Chance & listened to every Proposition on the 

Subject 



94 WASHINGTON PAPERS. [August, 



Subject which could give the smallest Hope. Among others 
I have had one mentioned which has some Weight with me 
as well as the General Officers to whom I have proposed it. 
One Harris is lately come from Bermuda where there is a 
very considerable Magazine of Powder in a remote Part of the 
Island and the Inhabitants well disposed not only to our cause 
in General but to assist in this Enterprise in particular. We 
understand there are two armed Vessels in your Province 
commanded by Men of known Activity & Spirit. One of which 
it Is proposed to despatch on this Errand with such other 
Assistance as may be requisite — Harris is to go along as the 
Conductor of the Enterprise & to avail ourselves of his 
Knowledge of the Island but without any Command. — I am very 
sensible that at first View the Prospect may appear hazardous 
& its success must depend on the Concurrence of many Cir- 
cumstances, but we are in a Situadon which requires us to 
run all Risques — No Danger is to be considered when put in 
Competition with the Magnitude of the Cause & the absolute 
Necessity we are under of increasing our Stock — Enterprizes 
which appear chimerical often prove successful from that very 
Circumstance. Common Sense & Prudence will suggest Vig- 
ilance & Care when the Danger is plain & obvious, but where 
little Danger is apprehended the more the Enemy is unpre- 
pared and consequently there is the faint Prospect of Success. 
M' Brown has been mentioned to me as a very proper 
Person to consult upon this Occasion you will judge of the 
Propriety of communicating it to him in Part or the whole. 
And as soon as possible favour me with your Sentiments & 
the steps you may have taken to forward it. If no immediate 
and safe Opp^ offers you will please to do it by Express. Should 
it be inconvenient to part with one of the armed Vessels, per- 
haps some other might be fitted out, or you could devise 
some other Mode of executing this Plan, so that in Case of a 
Disappointment the Vessel might proceed to some other Island 
to purchase. My last Letter from the Hon''' Continental 
Congress recommends my procuring from the Colonies 
of Connecticut & Rhode Island a Quantity of Tow Cloth 

for 



1775] WASHINGTON PAPERS. 95 

for the Purpose of making Indian or hunting Shirts for the 
Men many of whom are very destitute of Clothing. A Pattern 
will be sent you & I must request you to give the necessary 
Directions throughout your Governm' that all the Cloth of 
the above kind may be bought up for this Use & suitable 
Persons set to work to make it up. As soon as any Number 
is made worth the Conveyance you will please to direct them 
to be forwarded It is designed as a Species of Uniform both 
cheap & convenient. We have had no Transactions in either 
Camp since my last but what are in the publick Papers & 
related with tolerable Accuracy. The Enemy still continue 
to strengthen their Lines & we have Reason to believe intend 
to bombard ours, with the Hopes of forcing us out of them. 
Our Poverty in Ammunition prevents our making a suitable 
Return. 

Since writing the above Col : Porter has undertaken to 
assist in the Matter or to provide some suitable Person to 
accompany Harris to you who will communicate all Circum- 
stances to you. 



Letters to Washington. Miscellaneous. Vol. 6, f. 55. 

to governor trumbull. 

Aug. 4'^ 1775 
Sir 

I am favoured with yours of the 31'' July informing me that 
the new Levies are coming forward with all expedition : As 
the Enemy has lain much longer inactive than I expected I 
hope they will arrive in Time to give us their assistance. 

My last Letter from the Hon. Continental Congress recom- 
mends my procuring from the Colonies of Rhode Island & 
Connecticut a Quantity of Tow Cloth for the purpose of mak- 
ing Indian or hunting Shirts for the Men, many of whom are 
destitute of Cloathing. A Pattern is herewith sent you, & I must 
request you to give the necessary Directions throughout your 
Governm' That all the Cloth of the above kind may be bought 
up for this Use, & suitable Persons set to work to make it up : 

As 



96 WASHINGTON PAPER 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



007 243 234 4 



As soon as any Number is made worth the Conveyance, you 
will please to direct them to be forwarded. It is designed as 
a Species of Uniform both cheap & convenient. 

We have had no Transactions of any Consequence in either 
Camp since my last, but what are in the publick Papers & 
related with tolerable Accuracy I am now Sir, in strict Con- 
fidence to acquaint you that our Necessities in the Article of 
Powder & Lead are so great as to require an immediate 
Supply. 

I most earnestly intreat you to fall upon some Measures 
to forward to us every Ounce in the Province which can pos- 
sibly be spared. It is not within the Propriety of such a 
Correspondence to say what I might upon this subject: It is 
sufficient that the Case calls loudly for the warmest & most 
strenuous Exertions of every P'riend to his Country and 
does not admit the least delay. No Quantity however small is 
beneath Notice & should any arrive I beg it may be forwarde'd" 
to us as fast as possible. 

The Express having left his Horse at Hartford is under 
a Necessity of going that Way. 

Sent per Alexander the Express. 



Letters of Washington. Miscellaneous. Vol. i,/! 36. 

TO THE COMMITTEE OF SAFETY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

Camp at Cambridge, Aug 4. 1775 
Gent'' 

Your publick Capacity & the Hope that you will be both 
able & willintr to eive us some Assistance has led me to make 
this Application. The Situation of the Army as to Ammuni- 
tion is by no Means what it ought to be. We have great 
Reason to expect the Enemy very soon intend to bombard 
our Lines, & our Stock of Powder is so small as in a great 
Degree to make our heavy Artillery useless I must therefore 
request you will exert yourselves to forward whatever can be 
spared from your Province as soon as possible The Necessity 
is great the Cause is of the last Importance. I am therefore 

perswaded 



HoUinger Corp. 
pH8.5 



